我國(guó)國(guó)有壟斷行業(yè)高收入及規(guī)制對(duì)策研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-07 20:57
【摘要】：自改革開放以來,我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生了天翻地覆的轉(zhuǎn)變,居民生活水平和質(zhì)量迅速提升,但是居民收入水平的差距也逐漸拉大。盡管中央已推出一系列方針政策推進(jìn)收入分配制度改革,但收入分配懸殊的現(xiàn)象仍然存在,收入分配改革已勢(shì)在必行。在日益顯著的收入差距的問題上,國(guó)有壟斷行業(yè)的高工資、高福利、高收入顯的格外的醒目。在收入分配改革的進(jìn)程中,國(guó)有壟斷行業(yè)職工收入分配高于一般競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性行業(yè)已取得共識(shí),但壟斷行業(yè)的適度收入分配問題,即壟斷行業(yè)比一般競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性行業(yè)工資是否應(yīng)該高和應(yīng)該高多少為適度的問題顯的格外重要。這為收入分配改革提供了理論支持和科學(xué)依據(jù),關(guān)系著收入分配改革的發(fā)展,關(guān)系著國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)的前景。本文采用總結(jié)和歸納的方法,在綜合考察按勞分配理論的基礎(chǔ)上分析我國(guó)現(xiàn)階段社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下按勞分配實(shí)施的新特點(diǎn)以及相對(duì)應(yīng)的新對(duì)策。本文以按勞分配理論和按要素分配理論為依據(jù)：按勞分配理論規(guī)定在做了各項(xiàng)社會(huì)扣除之后,按照勞動(dòng)者提供勞動(dòng)的質(zhì)量和數(shù)量分配勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬,勞動(dòng)者的個(gè)人能力和素質(zhì)的差別會(huì)引起收入分配的差別。按生產(chǎn)要素分配理論規(guī)定,各種要素所有者按照生產(chǎn)要素對(duì)于創(chuàng)造產(chǎn)品的貢獻(xiàn)參與分配,國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)使用的國(guó)有資源、國(guó)有資本,應(yīng)該按貢獻(xiàn)得到相應(yīng)的回報(bào)。來源于壟斷的部分應(yīng)作為紅利上繳國(guó)庫(kù)；來源于壟斷行業(yè)職工素質(zhì)高于一般競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性行業(yè)的部分應(yīng)留給職工作為勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬。本文運(yùn)用Oaxaca-Blinder分解法得到國(guó)有壟斷行業(yè)職工收入高于一般競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性行業(yè)的部分,結(jié)合現(xiàn)實(shí)數(shù)據(jù),實(shí)證分析國(guó)有壟斷行業(yè)的適度收入分配問題。并根據(jù)以上研究的結(jié)論結(jié)合理論分析結(jié)果,提出針對(duì)性的對(duì)策和建議。本文有三處創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)：一是關(guān)于按勞分配理論的創(chuàng)新。馬克思在講國(guó)民收入(在今天實(shí)施的按勞分配中應(yīng)該是企業(yè)收入)在給勞動(dòng)者按勞分配之前,要先做必要的社會(huì)扣除,其扣除的根據(jù)可以概括為是當(dāng)時(shí)的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展需要,由于馬克思設(shè)想的按勞分配是全社會(huì)單一的公有制條件下的以整個(gè)社會(huì)為統(tǒng)一的分配單位,并不存在一個(gè)不同所有制并存和不同行業(yè)收入差距的問題。因此,這里針對(duì)今天的這些新情況創(chuàng)新了按勞分配理論,就是要把按勞分配前社會(huì)扣除的份額,不僅要滿足當(dāng)時(shí)的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的需要,還要考慮社會(huì)公平和各行業(yè)收入的均衡問題。二是提出了壟斷對(duì)國(guó)企收入分配的影響,來源于壟斷的收益應(yīng)上繳,國(guó)企職工的按勞分配要與其他行業(yè)相照應(yīng)。三是在對(duì)壟斷行業(yè)職工收入的適度分配作定量研究時(shí),不僅考慮了職工個(gè)人的素質(zhì),還考慮了職工所在企業(yè)的經(jīng)營(yíng)和財(cái)務(wù)狀況對(duì)職工收入的影響。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the economy of our country has changed dramatically, the living standard and quality of the residents have been improved rapidly, but the gap of the income level of the residents has also gradually widened. Although the central government has put forward a series of principles and policies to promote the reform of income distribution system, the phenomenon of income distribution disparity still exists, and the reform of income distribution is imperative. In the increasingly significant income gap, the state-owned monopoly industry of high wages, high welfare, high income is particularly striking. In the process of income distribution reform, it has been agreed that the income distribution of employees in the state-owned monopoly industry is higher than that in the general competitive industry, but the moderate income distribution problem in the monopoly industry. The question of whether the wages of monopoly industry should be higher and higher than that of general competitive industries is particularly important. This provides theoretical support and scientific basis for the reform of income distribution, relates to the development of the reform of income distribution, and relates to the prospect of the state-owned economy. Based on the comprehensive investigation of the theory of distribution according to work, this paper analyzes the new characteristics of distribution according to work under the condition of socialist market economy in our country and the corresponding new countermeasures by means of summing up and inducing. This article is based on the theory of distribution according to work and the theory of distribution according to factors. The theory of distribution according to work stipulates that after all kinds of social deductions are made, the remuneration of labor is allocated according to the quality and quantity of the labor provided by the laborer. The difference of individual ability and quality of laborer can cause the difference of income distribution. According to the theory of distribution of factors of production, the owners of various factors participate in the distribution according to the contribution of factors of production to the creation of products, and the state-owned resources and capital used by the state-owned economy should be rewarded accordingly according to their contributions. The part derived from monopoly should be turned over to the state treasury as a dividend, and the part from monopoly industry whose quality is higher than that of general competitive industry should be left to the worker as labor reward. In this paper, we use Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method to find out that the income of employees in state-owned monopoly industries is higher than that in general competitive industries. Combining with the actual data, this paper empirically analyzes the problem of moderate income distribution in state-owned monopoly industries. According to the conclusions of the above research and the theoretical analysis results, put forward targeted countermeasures and suggestions. There are three innovations in this paper: one is about the innovation of the theory of distribution according to work. Marx said that national income (in the distribution according to work carried out today should be the income of enterprises) before the distribution of workers according to work, the necessary social deduction should be made. The basis for the deduction can be summarized as the needs of economic and social development at that time. Because the distribution according to work envisaged by Marx is a unified distribution unit based on the whole society under the condition of single public ownership of the whole society, there is not a problem of coexistence of different ownership and income disparity in different industries. Therefore, in view of these new circumstances today, we have innovated the theory of distribution according to work, that is, we should not only meet the needs of economic and social development at that time, but also deduct the shares deducted from society according to work. Also consider social equity and the balanced income of various industries. Second, the paper puts forward the influence of monopoly on the income distribution of state-owned enterprises, which comes from monopoly income should be turned over, and the distribution of workers according to work of state-owned enterprises should be taken care of with other industries. The third is the quantitative study on the appropriate distribution of the staff and workers' income in monopoly industries, not only considering the quality of the staff and workers, but also considering the influence of the management and financial situation of the enterprises where the employees belong on the employees' income.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F124.7
本文編號(hào)：2171323
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the economy of our country has changed dramatically, the living standard and quality of the residents have been improved rapidly, but the gap of the income level of the residents has also gradually widened. Although the central government has put forward a series of principles and policies to promote the reform of income distribution system, the phenomenon of income distribution disparity still exists, and the reform of income distribution is imperative. In the increasingly significant income gap, the state-owned monopoly industry of high wages, high welfare, high income is particularly striking. In the process of income distribution reform, it has been agreed that the income distribution of employees in the state-owned monopoly industry is higher than that in the general competitive industry, but the moderate income distribution problem in the monopoly industry. The question of whether the wages of monopoly industry should be higher and higher than that of general competitive industries is particularly important. This provides theoretical support and scientific basis for the reform of income distribution, relates to the development of the reform of income distribution, and relates to the prospect of the state-owned economy. Based on the comprehensive investigation of the theory of distribution according to work, this paper analyzes the new characteristics of distribution according to work under the condition of socialist market economy in our country and the corresponding new countermeasures by means of summing up and inducing. This article is based on the theory of distribution according to work and the theory of distribution according to factors. The theory of distribution according to work stipulates that after all kinds of social deductions are made, the remuneration of labor is allocated according to the quality and quantity of the labor provided by the laborer. The difference of individual ability and quality of laborer can cause the difference of income distribution. According to the theory of distribution of factors of production, the owners of various factors participate in the distribution according to the contribution of factors of production to the creation of products, and the state-owned resources and capital used by the state-owned economy should be rewarded accordingly according to their contributions. The part derived from monopoly should be turned over to the state treasury as a dividend, and the part from monopoly industry whose quality is higher than that of general competitive industry should be left to the worker as labor reward. In this paper, we use Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method to find out that the income of employees in state-owned monopoly industries is higher than that in general competitive industries. Combining with the actual data, this paper empirically analyzes the problem of moderate income distribution in state-owned monopoly industries. According to the conclusions of the above research and the theoretical analysis results, put forward targeted countermeasures and suggestions. There are three innovations in this paper: one is about the innovation of the theory of distribution according to work. Marx said that national income (in the distribution according to work carried out today should be the income of enterprises) before the distribution of workers according to work, the necessary social deduction should be made. The basis for the deduction can be summarized as the needs of economic and social development at that time. Because the distribution according to work envisaged by Marx is a unified distribution unit based on the whole society under the condition of single public ownership of the whole society, there is not a problem of coexistence of different ownership and income disparity in different industries. Therefore, in view of these new circumstances today, we have innovated the theory of distribution according to work, that is, we should not only meet the needs of economic and social development at that time, but also deduct the shares deducted from society according to work. Also consider social equity and the balanced income of various industries. Second, the paper puts forward the influence of monopoly on the income distribution of state-owned enterprises, which comes from monopoly income should be turned over, and the distribution of workers according to work of state-owned enterprises should be taken care of with other industries. The third is the quantitative study on the appropriate distribution of the staff and workers' income in monopoly industries, not only considering the quality of the staff and workers, but also considering the influence of the management and financial situation of the enterprises where the employees belong on the employees' income.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F124.7
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，本文編號(hào)：2171323
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