本文選題：俄羅斯 + 產(chǎn)業(yè)政策�。� 參考：《遼寧大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：俄羅斯既是轉(zhuǎn)型國家，又是新興市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)國家，其產(chǎn)業(yè)政策本質(zhì)上是一種政府行為，是國家在某些方面支持各產(chǎn)業(yè)部門發(fā)展的一種國家政策，重點(diǎn)是提高特定行業(yè)（或企業(yè)）的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，目的是鼓勵(lì)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展和促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)。 俄羅斯的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策經(jīng)歷了從葉利欽時(shí)期的否定到普京時(shí)期的認(rèn)可，在普京總統(tǒng)的第二任期俄羅斯實(shí)行了新產(chǎn)業(yè)政策，即以“柔性產(chǎn)業(yè)政策”取代了蘇聯(lián)時(shí)期的“剛性產(chǎn)業(yè)政策”。后危機(jī)時(shí)期俄羅斯進(jìn)入從能源經(jīng)濟(jì)向創(chuàng)新經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)變的關(guān)鍵階段，無論是梅德韋杰夫時(shí)期提出的經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)代化戰(zhàn)略，還是新普京時(shí)期提出的新型工業(yè)化戰(zhàn)略，都離不開國家產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的支撐。無論從國際環(huán)境還是俄國內(nèi)環(huán)境看，產(chǎn)業(yè)政策得以發(fā)揮作用的基礎(chǔ)正在發(fā)生顯著的變化，從而對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策提出了新的要求。國際金融危機(jī)的劇烈沖擊再次證明國家通過產(chǎn)業(yè)政策干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)的必要性，俄羅斯政府認(rèn)為，有效實(shí)施產(chǎn)業(yè)政策既可以為俄羅斯人民提供高質(zhì)量的生活，又可以保證俄羅斯在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中的大國地位。因此，后危機(jī)時(shí)期對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策做出重大調(diào)整，提出“新型工業(yè)化”背景下的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策，即創(chuàng)新政策、結(jié)構(gòu)政策和投資政策成為后危機(jī)時(shí)期俄羅斯產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的重要組成部分。 本文通過對(duì)俄羅斯產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的梳理，結(jié)合經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論，分析后危機(jī)時(shí)期俄羅斯產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的調(diào)整方向，并運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方法詳細(xì)分析了俄羅斯產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的創(chuàng)新戰(zhàn)略、結(jié)構(gòu)性戰(zhàn)略及投資戰(zhàn)略的內(nèi)容及實(shí)施效果。論文共分為8章，第1章為緒論，第2到7章為論文主體部分，第8章為論文的前景展望及結(jié)論部分。主要內(nèi)容如下： 第1章主要介紹論文的研究背景及意義、文獻(xiàn)綜述及評(píng)價(jià)、研究思路及方法、創(chuàng)新及不足。 第2章主要是俄羅斯產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的概述。包括對(duì)俄羅斯產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的定義、內(nèi)容、目標(biāo)及作用的介紹。從市場(chǎng)失靈理論、后發(fā)優(yōu)勢(shì)理論、結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換理論、創(chuàng)新和國家創(chuàng)新系統(tǒng)理論和國家競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力理論角度，論證了后危機(jī)時(shí)期俄羅斯產(chǎn)業(yè)政策調(diào)整的理論依據(jù)，并對(duì)俄羅斯產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的制定主體、作用工具及實(shí)施手段進(jìn)行了概況性介紹。 第3章梳理俄羅斯產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的演進(jìn)歷程。葉利欽時(shí)期俄羅斯政府并沒有制定出一個(gè)明確和切實(shí)可行的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策，其產(chǎn)業(yè)政策問題基本上處于擱置狀態(tài)。普京時(shí)期通過穩(wěn)定基金的建立和功能擴(kuò)展積極地實(shí)施了一系列的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策，使產(chǎn)業(yè)政策重新成為俄羅斯經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的工具，“沒有發(fā)展的增長(zhǎng)”是普京八年產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的最大特點(diǎn)。 第4章提出俄羅斯產(chǎn)業(yè)政策調(diào)整問題。國際金融危機(jī)使俄羅斯遭受巨大的沖擊，導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)量急劇下降、外部依賴明顯增強(qiáng)，引起俄羅斯政府和學(xué)界對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)模式的反思。聚焦?fàn)幷摰闹饕獑栴}是基于現(xiàn)代化戰(zhàn)略、WTO規(guī)則及新型工業(yè)化背景下產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的調(diào)整，最終將產(chǎn)業(yè)政策調(diào)整定位為三個(gè)方向，即創(chuàng)新政策、結(jié)構(gòu)政策和投資政策。 第5章以高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展為視角分析后危機(jī)時(shí)期俄羅斯產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的創(chuàng)新戰(zhàn)略。在創(chuàng)新政策內(nèi)容及保障分析的基礎(chǔ)上，，以納米產(chǎn)業(yè)為例分析高技術(shù)對(duì)新產(chǎn)業(yè)的開發(fā)，以能源產(chǎn)業(yè)為例分析高技術(shù)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)的改造，并通過對(duì)創(chuàng)新投入及產(chǎn)出能力的分析，考察產(chǎn)業(yè)政策對(duì)高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新能力的影響。后危機(jī)時(shí)期俄羅斯政府在創(chuàng)新型經(jīng)濟(jì)導(dǎo)向下的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策對(duì)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展具有一定的推動(dòng)作用，但在國際油價(jià)高企的情況下，俄羅斯轉(zhuǎn)變能源依賴型經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式也是阻力重重。到目前為止，無論是梅德韋杰夫的經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)代化方案還是普京的“新經(jīng)濟(jì)”構(gòu)想，均未取得實(shí)質(zhì)性進(jìn)展。 第6章以產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)為視角分析后危機(jī)時(shí)期俄羅斯產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的結(jié)構(gòu)性戰(zhàn)略。在對(duì)“梅普”組合時(shí)期、新普京時(shí)期產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)政策分析的基礎(chǔ)上，通過對(duì)俄羅斯三次產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)演進(jìn)、工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)、服務(wù)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)和外貿(mào)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化分析，考察產(chǎn)業(yè)政策對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)的影響。后危機(jī)時(shí)期俄羅斯產(chǎn)業(yè)政策對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)間結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí)取得較大進(jìn)展，但是對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的改善短期效果不明顯，長(zhǎng)期有待觀察。由于以能源、原材料出口拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的模式?jīng)]有從根本上改變，所以，俄羅斯產(chǎn)業(yè)政策對(duì)其貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)的改善作用是微弱的。 第7章以基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資為視角分析后危機(jī)時(shí)期俄羅斯產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的投資戰(zhàn)略。在投資政策內(nèi)容及措施的基礎(chǔ)上，分析俄羅斯固定資產(chǎn)投資結(jié)構(gòu)和外資投資結(jié)構(gòu)，考察產(chǎn)業(yè)政策對(duì)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的影響。后危機(jī)時(shí)期俄羅斯基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施產(chǎn)業(yè)投資對(duì)其經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)具有直接的推動(dòng)作用，對(duì)于投資額度大、周期長(zhǎng)、投資回報(bào)率低的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施產(chǎn)業(yè)，急需國家產(chǎn)業(yè)政策引導(dǎo)其建設(shè)與發(fā)展。 第8章為俄羅斯產(chǎn)業(yè)政策調(diào)整的前景展望及啟示。由于后危機(jī)時(shí)期俄羅斯產(chǎn)業(yè)政策調(diào)整實(shí)施的時(shí)間較短，短期效應(yīng)不明顯，長(zhǎng)期有待進(jìn)一步觀察。產(chǎn)業(yè)政策調(diào)整的方向無論是在俄羅斯政府部門還是學(xué)術(shù)界均已達(dá)成共識(shí)，但其實(shí)施前景尚有許多不確定性。俄羅斯產(chǎn)業(yè)政策調(diào)整中的一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)，也包括一些問題，對(duì)于我國當(dāng)下產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的制定與實(shí)施或許存在有價(jià)值的啟示。
[Abstract]:Russia is not only a transitional country, but also a new market economy country. Its industrial policy is essentially a kind of government behavior. It is a national policy to support the development of various industrial sectors in some aspects. The focus is to improve the competitiveness of specific industries (or enterprises). The purpose is to encourage Industrial Development and promote industrial structure upgrading.
Russia's industrial policy has gone through the negation of Yeltsin period to the approval of Putin period, and in the second term of President Putin, Russia has implemented a new industrial policy, that is, the "flexible industrial policy" has replaced the "rigid industrial policy" in the Soviet period. At the critical stage, both the economic modernization strategy proposed in the Medvedev period and the new industrialization strategy put forward by the new Putin period can not be separated from the support of the national industrial policy. No matter from the international environment or in the domestic environment, the basis of the industrial policy is undergoing significant changes, thus the industrial policy is made. The violent impact of the international financial crisis has again proved the necessity of the state to intervene in the economy through industrial policies. The Russian government believes that the effective implementation of industrial policies can provide a high quality of life for the Russian people and a great power in the whole ball economy. The industrial policy made a major adjustment to the industrial policy and put forward the industrial policy under the background of "new industrialization", namely, the innovation policy, the structural policy and the investment policy, which became an important part of the Russian industrial policy in the post crisis period.
By combing the Russian industrial policy and combining the economic theory, this paper analyzes the adjustment direction of the Russian industrial policy in the post crisis period, and analyzes the innovation strategy, the structural strategy and the investment strategy of the Russian industrial policy in detail with the economic method. The thesis is divided into 8 chapters, the first chapter is the introduction, second The 7 chapter is the main body of the thesis. The eighth chapter is the prospect and conclusion of the paper.
The first chapter mainly introduces the research background and significance, literature review and evaluation, research ideas and methods, innovations and deficiencies.
The second chapter is mainly an overview of the Russian industrial policy, including the definition, content, objective and role of Russian industrial policy. From the theory of market failure, the theory of post advantage, the theory of structural transformation, innovation and the theory of national innovation system and the theory of national competitiveness, the adjustment of the Russian industrial policy in the post crisis period is demonstrated. Theoretical basis and general introduction of the main body, tools and means of implementation of Russian industrial policy are introduced.
The third chapter combs the evolution process of Russian industrial policy. During the Yeltsin period, the Russian government did not formulate a clear and practical industrial policy, and its industrial policy was basically on a shelved state. In the Putin period, a series of industrial policies were actively implemented through the establishment and function expansion of the stability fund to make the industrial policy. It is the biggest feature of Putin's industrial policy in the past eight years that he has become a tool for Russia's economic policy.
The fourth chapter puts forward the problem of industrial policy adjustment in Russia. The international financial crisis has caused a huge impact on Russia, resulting in a sharp decline in output and an apparent increase in external dependence. The Russian government and the academic community reflect on the model of economic growth. The main issues of the focus are based on the current strategy, the WTO rules and the new industrialization background. The adjustment of industrial policies will ultimately position the adjustment of industrial policies in three directions, namely, innovation policy, structural policy and investment policy.
The fifth chapter analyzes the innovation strategy of Russian industrial policy in the post crisis period with the development of high technology industry. On the basis of the content of the innovation policy and the analysis of the guarantee, it takes the nano industry as an example to analyze the development of the high technology to the new industry, and takes the energy industry as an example to analyze the transformation of the high technology to the traditional industry, and through the innovation input and output. The influence of industrial policy on the innovation ability of high-tech industry is examined. The industrial policy of the Russian government under the guidance of the innovative economy in the post crisis period has a certain role in promoting the innovation and development, but in the case of high international oil price, the transformation of Russia's energy dependent economy is also a heavy resistance. Until now, neither Medvedev's economic modernization plan nor Putin's "new economy" concept has made substantial progress.
The sixth chapter analyzes the structural strategy of Russian industrial policy in the post crisis period with the view of industrial structure upgrading. On the basis of the analysis of the period of the "MEP" combination and the industrial structure policy of the new Putin period, through the analysis of the evolution of the three industrial structures, the upgrading of the industrial structure, the upgrading of the structure of the service industry and the change of the foreign trade structure, the analysis of the changes in the structure of the foreign trade in the period of the period of the "MEP" combination. The impact of industrial policy on industrial structure upgrading. In the post crisis period, the Russian industrial policy has made great progress in the optimization and upgrading of the inter industry structure, but the short-term effect on the improvement of the intra industry structure is not obvious, and it remains to be observed for a long time. Ross's industrial policy has little effect on the improvement of its trade structure.
The seventh chapter analyzes the investment strategy of Russian industrial policy in the post crisis period from the perspective of infrastructure investment. On the basis of the content and measures of the investment policy, it analyses the investment structure and foreign investment structure of Russian fixed assets, and examines the impact of industrial policy on infrastructure construction. Its economic growth has a direct role in promoting the infrastructure industry with large investment quota, long cycle and low return on investment. It is in urgent need of national industrial policy to guide its construction and development.
The eighth chapter is the prospect and Enlightenment of the adjustment of industrial policy in Russia. Because of the short time of the adjustment and implementation of the Russian industrial policy in the post crisis period, the short-term effect is not obvious, and it needs to be further observed for a long time. The direction of industrial policy adjustment has been agreed in both the Russian government departments and the academic circles, but the prospect is still still applied. There are many uncertainties. Some of the experiences in the adjustment of the Russian industrial policy also include some problems, which may have valuable implications for the formulation and implementation of the current industrial policy in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F151.2

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