本文選題：淮南煤礦 + 煤礦工人��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：煤炭對近代工業(yè)的發(fā)展起著舉足輕重的作用,在近代中國,伴隨著煤炭工業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展,煤礦工人隊伍逐步壯大起來,無論是對區(qū)域經(jīng)濟,還是對社會生活,乃至對政治革命都發(fā)揮了獨特而重要的作用,是近代一支不容忽視的社會力量。據(jù)史載,早在南宋時期,淮南地區(qū)就已經(jīng)開始了煤炭開采,20世紀(jì)初期,淮南地區(qū)煤礦的開采逐步邁入近代化的正軌,由過去的民間土窯,日漸發(fā)展成為大型的近代化企業(yè),至20世紀(jì)30年代后期,成為當(dāng)時最大的國有煤礦企業(yè)。隨著淮南煤礦的興盛,礦工群體日益壯大,對淮南社會經(jīng)濟政治的影響逐漸顯現(xiàn)出來。本文根據(jù)檔案史料以及文史資料等,試圖從民國時期淮礦工人群體的勞動、家庭生活、社會生活等方面做探討,以考證當(dāng)時煤礦工人的生產(chǎn)生活實況。正文第一部分論述了淮南煤礦的發(fā)展概況與煤礦工人概況。這一部分首先簡要介紹了淮南煤礦從開始開采到到民國時期建成新式企業(yè)的發(fā)展歷程,然后論述了煤礦工人的來源、人數(shù)、分工等情況。由于鄰近山東棗莊等華北大礦,淮南礦區(qū)的工人大多來源于此,部分來自當(dāng)?shù)厥У氐霓r(nóng)民和無產(chǎn)者�；茨厦旱V在建礦初期,僅有二三百工人,到鼎盛時期,最多時工人多達(dá)一萬八千余人。根據(jù)工種的不同,工人們分為里工和外工,他們在薪資待遇上存在較大差別,里工工資要明顯高于外工。第二部分論述了煤礦工人的工作條件、工作時間等工作狀況以及工資待遇問題。民國時期,淮南煤礦的生產(chǎn)條件仍較為簡陋,煤礦工人們的勞動環(huán)境十分艱苦而且工作危險性高,井下安全事故頻發(fā),嚴(yán)重威脅著工人們的人身安全。工人們的勞動時間很長,而得到的報酬與付出的勞動則不成正比。第三部分論述煤礦工人的家庭生活狀況,包括煤礦工人衣食住、婚姻與子女教育等方面。第四部分論述礦工的社會生活,從煤礦工人的業(yè)余娛樂生活、陋習(xí)與開展的政治經(jīng)濟斗爭兩個方面進(jìn)行分析。煤礦工人盡管勞動非常辛苦,然而他們?nèi)员Ｓ袠酚^的態(tài)度,苦中作樂,努力豐富自己的業(yè)余生活。但是,也存在著賭博、酗酒等不健康的娛樂方式。隨著馬列主義在中國的廣泛傳播,煤礦工人中一些先進(jìn)分子思想逐步覺醒,開始在當(dāng)?shù)毓伯a(chǎn)黨組織的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,積極開展同帝國主義、官僚資本主義的斗爭。
[Abstract]:Coal plays an important role in the development of modern industry. In modern China, with the rapid development of coal industry, the ranks of coal miners have gradually grown up, both to the regional economy and to social life. Even to the political revolution has played a unique and important role, is a modern social force can not be ignored. According to history, as early as the Southern Song Dynasty, the Huainan region began coal mining in the early 20th century. The mining of coal mines in the Huainan region gradually entered the track of modernization. From the past folk clay kilns, it gradually developed into a large-scale modern enterprise. In the late 1930 s, it became the largest state-owned coal mining enterprise at that time. With the prosperity of Huainan coal mine, the miners' group is growing, and the influence on the social economy and politics of Huainan coal mine appears gradually. Based on the historical data of archives and literature and history, this paper attempts to discuss the labor, family life and social life of the Huai coal miners in the period of the Republic of China, in order to verify the production and life of the coal miners at that time. The first part discusses the development of Huainan coal mine and the general situation of coal miners. This part briefly introduces the development course of Huainan coal mine from the beginning of mining to the period of the Republic of China, and then discusses the source, the number of coal miners, the division of labor and so on. Most of the workers in Huainan mining area come from Zaozhuang, Shandong province and other big mines in North China, and some of them come from local landless farmers and proletarians. Huainan coal mine in the early construction, only 200-300 workers, to the peak of the workers as many as 18000. According to the type of work, workers are divided into domestic workers and foreign workers. There are great differences in their pay, and the wages of local workers are obviously higher than those of foreign workers. The second part discusses the working conditions, working hours and wages of coal miners. During the period of the Republic of China, the production conditions of Huainan coal mine were still relatively simple, the working environment of the coal miners was very hard and the working danger was high, and the underground safety accidents frequently occurred, which seriously threatened the personal safety of the workers. Workers work long hours, and the pay is not proportional to the work they pay. The third part discusses the family living conditions of coal miners, including coal miners' food, clothing and housing, marriage and children's education and so on. The fourth part discusses the social life of miners, from the coal miners leisure life, bad habits and political and economic struggle carried out two aspects. Although the coal miners work very hard, they remain optimistic and happy, trying to enrich their amateur lives. However, there are also gambling, alcoholism and other unhealthy forms of entertainment. With the widespread spread of Marxism-Leninism in China, some advanced elements among the coal miners gradually woke up and began to wage an active struggle against imperialism and bureaucrat-capitalism under the leadership of the local Communist Party.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F429

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