發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-18 16:30

  本文選題：勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn) + 自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定�。� 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化趨勢(shì)日益加強(qiáng),不僅導(dǎo)致商品、資本在全球范圍內(nèi)的自由流動(dòng),還導(dǎo)致勞務(wù)的自由流動(dòng),尤其是發(fā)展中國(guó)家大量的勞動(dòng)力進(jìn)入國(guó)際市場(chǎng),給發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的就業(yè)帶來(lái)不小的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)壓力。于是國(guó)際社會(huì)將更多的目光聚焦于勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。而關(guān)于國(guó)際勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是否應(yīng)與與貿(mào)易掛鉤的爭(zhēng)論也愈演愈烈,不僅成為各個(gè)學(xué)者爭(zhēng)論的焦點(diǎn),更成為發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家之間博弈的焦點(diǎn)。美國(guó)作為第一大經(jīng)濟(jì)體,更是實(shí)現(xiàn)勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與貿(mào)易掛鉤的先行者。在WTO成立之初,美國(guó)就積極推動(dòng)將勞工條款納入多邊貿(mào)易體制,因遭到大多數(shù)發(fā)展中國(guó)家的強(qiáng)烈抵制而無(wú)疾而終。但美國(guó)并未就此放棄,而是將目光轉(zhuǎn)向了雙邊及區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定。從NAFTA開始,美國(guó)在其后對(duì)外簽署的自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定中,全部要求寫入勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的內(nèi)容,包括權(quán)利保護(hù)范圍、雙方義務(wù)、組織機(jī)構(gòu)、爭(zhēng)端解決程序、制裁等,對(duì)世界范圍內(nèi)談判和簽署自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定帶來(lái)了很大影響。目前來(lái)看,在自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定中列入勞工條款已成為不爭(zhēng)的事實(shí)。過(guò)去20年間,勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)被廣泛應(yīng)用于自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定中。不僅有發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家,包括中國(guó)在內(nèi)的廣大發(fā)展中國(guó)家也不可避免地面臨著在自由貿(mào)易談判中納入勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的問(wèn)題。我國(guó)作為世界上第一人口大國(guó),勞動(dòng)力資源非常豐富,但隨著人口紅利的不斷衰減,未來(lái)這一優(yōu)勢(shì)會(huì)逐漸減小。在區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的浪潮中,我國(guó)也加入了將勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)納入自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定的隊(duì)伍中。今后,在與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家進(jìn)行自貿(mào)談判時(shí),勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)已無(wú)法回避。因此,面對(duì)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型和亟需保護(hù)勞工權(quán)益的情況下,我們需要借鑒一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)探索出自己的道路。美國(guó)是將勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與貿(mào)易掛鉤實(shí)踐得最成功的國(guó)家,它有一套屬于自己的勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系。本文通過(guò)分析美國(guó)自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定中勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的主要內(nèi)容,即它們的權(quán)利保護(hù)范圍、權(quán)利保護(hù)水平、勞工保障機(jī)制以及爭(zhēng)端解決程序等,分析出美國(guó)FTA中納入勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的特點(diǎn)、作用和缺陷,從而為我國(guó)FTA中納入勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提供借鑒。本文共分為三個(gè)部分:第一部分為美國(guó)自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定中的勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)概述。這部分主要介紹貿(mào)易與勞工掛鉤的南北之爭(zhēng)、美國(guó)自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定中勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的發(fā)展進(jìn)程以及美國(guó)自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定中納入勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的原因分析,從而對(duì)勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在美國(guó)自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定中的發(fā)展有一個(gè)全方位的了解。第二部分為美國(guó)自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定中勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)條款研究。這一部分主要通過(guò)介紹美國(guó)FTA中勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的主要內(nèi)容,從而分析出美國(guó)FTA勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的主要特點(diǎn)、作用和缺陷,為我國(guó)提供借鑒。第三部分為對(duì)我國(guó)的啟示:中國(guó)自貿(mào)區(qū)構(gòu)建勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的對(duì)策。這一部分介紹我國(guó)FTA納入勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的國(guó)內(nèi)外背景、我國(guó)既有FTA中勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的實(shí)踐、我國(guó)FTA構(gòu)建勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的建議,通過(guò)將我國(guó)FTA中勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與美國(guó)相比較,尋找出不足,針對(duì)不足提出建議。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increasing trend of economic integration, it has led not only to the free movement of goods and capital on a global scale, but also to the free movement of services, especially the large numbers of labour in developing countries, who have entered international markets,To the employment of developed countries to bring no small competitive pressure.So the international community will focus more on labor standards.The controversy about whether the international labor standard should be linked to trade is becoming more and more serious, which not only becomes the focus of various scholars' argument, but also becomes the focus of game between developed and underdeveloped countries.As the largest economy, the United States is the first to achieve labor standards and trade-related.At the very beginning of the WTO, the United States actively pushed for the inclusion of labour provisions in the multilateral trading system, which was thwarted by strong resistance from most developing countries.But instead of giving up, the US has turned to bilateral and regional trade agreements.Since NAFTA, the United States has since signed free trade agreements with foreign countries, all of which require the inclusion of labor standards, including the scope of protection of rights, obligations of both sides, organization, dispute settlement procedures, sanctions, and so on.It has had a great impact on the negotiation and signing of free trade agreements around the world.At present, the inclusion of labor clauses in free trade agreements has become an indisputable fact.Labour standards have been widely used in free trade agreements over the past 20 years.Not only developed countries, but also developing countries, including China, are inevitably faced with the problem of including labor standards in free trade negotiations.As the world's largest populous country, China is rich in labor resources, but with the decline of the demographic dividend, this advantage will gradually decrease in the future.In the tide of regional economic integration, China has joined the ranks of free trade agreement.In the future, in free trade negotiations with developed countries, labor standards have been unavoidable.Therefore, in the face of China's economic transformation and the urgent need to protect labor rights and interests, we need to learn from some experience to explore their own way.The United States is the most successful country to link labor standards with trade. It has its own system of labor standards.This paper analyzes the main contents of labor standards in American Free Trade Agreement, including the scope of their rights protection, the level of their rights protection, the labor security mechanism and the dispute settlement procedures, and analyzes the characteristics of the labor standards included in the FTA of the United States.Function and defect, thus provide the reference for our country FTA to include the labor standard.This paper is divided into three parts: the first part is an overview of labor standards in the American Free Trade Agreement.This part mainly introduces the disputes between the north and south of the trade and labor, the development process of labor standards in the free trade agreements of the United States and the reasons for the inclusion of labor standards in the free trade agreements of the United States.Thus, the development of labor standards in the United States Free Trade Agreement has a comprehensive understanding.The second part is the research of labor standard clauses in American free trade agreement.This part mainly introduces the main content of labor standard in American FTA, and then analyzes the main characteristics, functions and defects of American FTA labor standard, and provides reference for our country.The third part is the enlightenment to our country: the countermeasure of constructing labor standard in China free trade area.This part introduces the domestic and international background that FTA is brought into labor standard in our country, the practice of labor standard in FTA in our country, the suggestion of constructing labor standard in FTA of our country, and by comparing the labor standard in FTA with that in America, we find out the deficiency.Put forward suggestions for deficiencies.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D971.2;DD912.5

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本文編號(hào)：1769159