本文關(guān)鍵詞：美國(guó)對(duì)外服務(wù)貿(mào)易發(fā)展研究　出處：《延邊大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化、區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化進(jìn)程的加快發(fā)展和科學(xué)技術(shù)的長(zhǎng)足進(jìn)步,國(guó)際產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)也在進(jìn)行著深刻變革,世界各國(guó)家(地區(qū))紛紛將經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展重點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向了服務(wù)業(yè),而服務(wù)業(yè)在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的地位的提高以及國(guó)際分工的日益深化,又使得以服務(wù)業(yè)為依托的國(guó)際服務(wù)貿(mào)易得到快速的發(fā)展。根據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)貿(mào)易與發(fā)展會(huì)議統(tǒng)計(jì),2015年全球服務(wù)貿(mào)易總額達(dá)到48260億美元,相比1980年的3956億美元,增長(zhǎng)了 11倍,已遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)貨物貿(mào)易的增長(zhǎng)速度,這意味著服務(wù)貿(mào)易今后將會(huì)成為國(guó)際貿(mào)易競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的重心,要想在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中取得競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì),就必須加強(qiáng)服務(wù)貿(mào)易的發(fā)展。美國(guó)作為世界上服務(wù)貿(mào)易最發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家,無(wú)論是在對(duì)外服務(wù)貿(mào)易規(guī)模和比重、進(jìn)出口結(jié)構(gòu)還是國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力方面都處于絕對(duì)的優(yōu)勢(shì)地位。反觀中國(guó)對(duì)外服務(wù)貿(mào)易,存在著諸如發(fā)展起步較晚,規(guī)模比重小,結(jié)構(gòu)不合理,國(guó)際收支逆差擴(kuò)大等不足,這與中國(guó)當(dāng)前的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力及貿(mào)易整體狀況不相協(xié)調(diào)。因此,研究美國(guó)對(duì)外服務(wù)貿(mào)易發(fā)展,不僅可以很好的總結(jié)國(guó)際服務(wù)貿(mào)易發(fā)展的一般規(guī)律和經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),還能夠?yàn)橹袊?guó)服務(wù)貿(mào)易的發(fā)展提供參考目標(biāo)。本文主要分為六章內(nèi)容。第一章是緒論部分,主要介紹了本文的研究目的、研究意義、文獻(xiàn)綜述、研究方法及內(nèi)容;第二章是國(guó)際服務(wù)貿(mào)易相關(guān)理論,主要包括國(guó)際服務(wù)貿(mào)易理論、比較優(yōu)勢(shì)理論、要素稟賦理論和國(guó)家競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)理論等與美國(guó)對(duì)外服務(wù)貿(mào)易研究密切相關(guān)的理論;第三章是美國(guó)對(duì)外服務(wù)貿(mào)易現(xiàn)狀分析,根據(jù)1992年至2016年美國(guó)對(duì)外服務(wù)貿(mào)易年度數(shù)據(jù),從美國(guó)對(duì)外服務(wù)貿(mào)易的規(guī)模比重、貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)、國(guó)際收支等幾個(gè)方面展開(kāi)分析,總結(jié)出美國(guó)對(duì)外服務(wù)貿(mào)易規(guī)模大比重高,進(jìn)出口結(jié)構(gòu)合理且日趨完善,以發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家為主要合作對(duì)象又兼具市場(chǎng)多元化,國(guó)際收支始終保持順差狀態(tài)以及呈現(xiàn)出增長(zhǎng)速度放緩、順差規(guī)模減小的新態(tài)勢(shì)等五大特征;第四章是美國(guó)對(duì)外服務(wù)貿(mào)易國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力分析,主要研究分析了美國(guó)對(duì)外服務(wù)貿(mào)易的國(guó)際市場(chǎng)占有率、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力指數(shù)、顯示性比較優(yōu)勢(shì)指數(shù)和對(duì)外開(kāi)放度,總結(jié)出美國(guó)對(duì)外服務(wù)貿(mào)易國(guó)際市場(chǎng)占有率高,整體競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力強(qiáng),知識(shí)密集型服務(wù)部門競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)突出以及對(duì)外服務(wù)貿(mào)易市場(chǎng)穩(wěn)定四大優(yōu)勢(shì);第五章是美國(guó)對(duì)外服務(wù)貿(mào)易發(fā)展對(duì)中國(guó)的啟示,根據(jù)美國(guó)對(duì)外服務(wù)貿(mào)易發(fā)展特征和優(yōu)勢(shì),結(jié)合中國(guó)當(dāng)前所處的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展階段和對(duì)外服務(wù)貿(mào)易現(xiàn)狀,提出了改善國(guó)內(nèi)服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展環(huán)境,加大服務(wù)業(yè)科研投入,加強(qiáng)對(duì)外服務(wù)貿(mào)易區(qū)域合作,完善完善服務(wù)業(yè)法律法規(guī)等有利于促進(jìn)中國(guó)對(duì)外服務(wù)貿(mào)易健康快速發(fā)展的政策建議。第六章是結(jié)論,闡述了本文研究的總體結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:With the economic globalization, the rapid development of regional economic integration and the rapid progress of science and technology, the international industrial structure is also undergoing profound changes. Countries (regions) in the world have shifted their economic development emphasis to the service industry, and the status of the service industry in the national economy and the deepening of the international division of labor. According to the statistics of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the total amount of global trade in services reached four tillion eight hundred and twenty-six billion US dollars in 2015. Compared with $395.6 billion in 1980, the increase of 11 times has far exceeded the growth rate of trade in goods, which means that trade in services will become the focus of international trade competition in the future. If we want to gain the competitive advantage in international trade, we must strengthen the development of service trade. As the most developed country in the world, the United States, whether in the scale and proportion of foreign trade in services. The structure of import and export or the international competitiveness are in the absolute advantage position. On the other hand, China's foreign trade in services, such as the late start of development, a small proportion of the scale, the structure is unreasonable. The deficit of balance of payments is enlarged, which is not in harmony with China's current economic strength and the overall situation of trade. Therefore, this paper studies the development of foreign trade in services of the United States. Not only can we sum up the general rules and lessons of the development of international trade in services, but also can provide a reference for the development of China's trade in services. This paper is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction. This paper mainly introduces the purpose, significance, literature review, research methods and contents of this paper. The second chapter is the related theories of international trade in services, including the theory of international trade in services, the theory of comparative advantage, the theory of factor endowment and the theory of national competitive advantage, which are closely related to the study of foreign trade in services of the United States. The third chapter is the analysis of the current situation of US foreign trade in services. According to the annual data of US foreign trade in services from 1992 to 2016, the scale and structure of the foreign service trade of the United States are analyzed. Through the analysis of the balance of payments and other aspects, it concludes that the United States has a large scale of foreign trade in services, a reasonable and increasingly perfect import and export structure, and a diversified market with developed countries as the main object of cooperation. The balance of payments always maintains the surplus state and presents the growth speed to slow down, the surplus scale reduces the new situation and so on five big characteristics; Chapter 4th is the analysis of the international competitiveness of the United States foreign trade in services. It mainly analyzes the international market share, competitiveness index, comparative advantage index and degree of opening to the outside world of the United States foreign service trade. It concludes that the United States has a high share of the international market for foreign service trade, strong overall competitiveness, outstanding competitive advantages of knowledge-intensive service sectors and stable foreign service trade market. Chapter 5th is the enlightenment of the development of American foreign service trade to China, according to the characteristics and advantages of the development of American foreign service trade, combined with China's current stage of economic development and the current situation of foreign service trade. The paper proposes to improve the development environment of domestic service industry, increase investment in service research, and strengthen regional cooperation in foreign service trade. Perfect and perfect the laws and regulations of service industry and other policy suggestions are helpful to promote the healthy and rapid development of China's foreign trade in services. Chapter 6th is the conclusion, and the overall conclusion of this paper is expounded.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：延邊大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F746.18

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