【摘要】：耕地作為我國最寶貴的資源,存在中低產(chǎn)田占比高、耕層土壤退化、利用結構不合理等問題,制約了我國“三農(nóng)”發(fā)展和城鄉(xiāng)一體化發(fā)展。土地整治是提高耕地質(zhì)量、改善耕地生態(tài)環(huán)境的重要措施,也是耕地利用轉方式調(diào)結構的有效途徑。農(nóng)村土地整治作為土地整治的主要類型之一,對于耕地利用、農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)生活條件、耕地生態(tài)環(huán)境等具有區(qū)域調(diào)節(jié)、定向調(diào)節(jié)以及相機調(diào)節(jié)的作用。黑龍江省以建設農(nóng)村土地整治示范省為契機,選定松嫩平原為重點建設區(qū)域,其對于推進農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化和黑龍省億畝生態(tài)良田的建設均具有積極的作用。因此,探究農(nóng)村土地整治成效以及闡釋土地整治過程中存在的問題,對于后續(xù)科學合理的開展農(nóng)村土地整治具有重要的意義。本文在了解國內(nèi)外土地整治發(fā)展歷史的基礎上,針對土地整治評價的相關研究進行了較為系統(tǒng)地總結,闡釋了土地整治成效的內(nèi)涵,并對松嫩平原農(nóng)村土地整治的整體特征進行分析,根據(jù)農(nóng)村土地整治關鍵因子構建土地整治成效評價指標體系,運用模糊綜合評價模型對各縣市農(nóng)村土地整治成效進行評價,通過對土地整治成效評價結果的分析,探究農(nóng)村土地整治過程中存在的問題,進而提出科學的建議。本文主要研究結論如下:(1)黑龍江省松嫩平原內(nèi)共有27個縣市開展農(nóng)村土地整治項目,項目數(shù)量總計82個,項目數(shù)量介于1-3個的縣市共有17個�？h市農(nóng)村土地整治項目數(shù)量分配與區(qū)域資源稟賦、經(jīng)濟基礎和社會要素具有重要聯(lián)系。(2)松嫩平原農(nóng)村土地整治建設總規(guī)模26.23萬hm2,建設強度平均值為1.13,建設強度低于平均水平的縣市居多,在空間分布上呈現(xiàn)“東西高、南北低”的特征。同時,松嫩平原農(nóng)村土地整治總投資42.44億元,建設難度平均值為1.64萬元/hm2,建設難度低于平均水平的縣市居多,在空間分布上呈現(xiàn)“東南-西北高,東北-西南低”的特征。(3)松嫩平原農(nóng)村土地整治綜合成效以三等成效居主導地位,但具有進一步提升成效水平的潛力,同時各縣市間成效隸屬度存在較大差異。從縣市數(shù)量和建設規(guī)模角度來看,整治成效取得三等水平的縣市都居主導地位�？傮w成效不高是因為松嫩平原基礎條件差、改造難度大及整治成效見效慢。受基礎條件、建設規(guī)模、投資額、建設內(nèi)容等影響,各縣市農(nóng)村土地整治綜合成效隸屬度存在差異。(4)松嫩平原農(nóng)村土地整治單項成效存在差異,且在保障國家糧食安全、節(jié)約集約利用資源、改善生產(chǎn)生活條件共三個方面的均具有提升成效的潛力。在單項成效方面,除在改善生產(chǎn)生活條件方面取得二等成效外,其余三項單項成效均取得三等水平。同時,在理論層面上,改善生產(chǎn)生活條件方面的單項成效可提升潛力相對較小,而在保障國家糧食安全、節(jié)約集約利用資源及保護生態(tài)環(huán)境方面所取得單項成效均具有較大提升潛力。(5)黑龍江省松嫩平原農(nóng)村土地整治存在建設強度不高、部分區(qū)域整治成效不佳、整治成效系統(tǒng)性不高、部分地區(qū)整治成效穩(wěn)定性不足及保護生態(tài)環(huán)境成效不高的問題,針對該類問題,建議從加大農(nóng)村土地整治建設力度、促進各地農(nóng)村土地整治均衡發(fā)展、推動農(nóng)村土地整治向綜合化發(fā)展、構建穩(wěn)定的農(nóng)村土地整治戰(zhàn)略及農(nóng)村土地整治向綠色化發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:As the most precious resource in our country, cultivated land has many problems, such as high proportion of middle and low yield fields, soil degradation and unreasonable utilization structure, which restrict the development of agriculture, rural areas and urban-rural integration. As one of the main types of land renovation, rural land renovation plays a role of regional adjustment, directional adjustment and organic adjustment for cultivated land utilization, farmers'production and living conditions, cultivated land ecological environment, etc. Therefore, it is of great significance for the following scientific and rational rural land consolidation to explore the effect of rural land consolidation and explain the problems in the process of land consolidation. This paper systematically summarizes the relevant research on land consolidation evaluation, explains the connotation of land consolidation effect, analyzes the overall characteristics of rural land consolidation in Songnen Plain, constructs the evaluation index system of land consolidation effect according to the key factors of rural land consolidation, and applies fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model to the rural land of each county and city. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) There are 27 counties and cities in Songnen Plain of Heilongjiang Province to carry out rural land improvement projects, the total number of projects is 82, the number of projects. There are 17 counties and cities ranging from 1 to 3. The distribution of counties and cities'rural land renovation projects is closely related to regional resource endowment, economic foundation and social factors. (2) The total scale of rural land renovation and construction in Songnen Plain is 262,300 hm2, and the average construction intensity is 1.13. Most counties and cities whose construction intensity is lower than the average are in spatial distribution. At the same time, the total investment in rural land consolidation in Songnen Plain is 4.244 billion yuan, the average difficulty of construction is 16.4 million yuan / hm2. Most of the counties and cities whose construction difficulty is lower than the average level show the characteristics of "southeast-northwest high, northeast-southwest low" in spatial distribution. (3) Comprehensive effect of rural land consolidation in Songnen Plain. In terms of the number of counties and cities and the scale of construction, the counties and cities that have achieved the third-class results are in the leading position. The overall effect is not high because of the poor basic conditions of Songnen Plain and the difficulty of transformation. Affected by basic conditions, construction scale, investment amount and construction content, there are differences in the subordinate degree of comprehensive effect of rural land consolidation among counties and cities. (4) There are differences in the single effect of rural land consolidation in Songnen Plain, and there are three factors in ensuring national food security, saving intensive use of resources and improving production and living conditions. Besides the second-class results in improving production and living conditions, the other three single results have achieved third-class results. At the same time, in theory, the single effect in improving production and living conditions can enhance the potential is relatively small, but in ensuring national food security, saving. Intensive use of resources and the protection of the ecological environment have great potential for improvement. (5) The rural land consolidation in Songnen Plain of Heilongjiang Province has a low intensity of construction, poor results in some areas, low systematic results, insufficient stability in some areas and poor results in protecting the ecological environment. In view of these problems, it is suggested to strengthen the construction of rural land consolidation, promote the balanced development of rural land consolidation, promote the comprehensive development of rural land consolidation, construct a stable rural land consolidation strategy and develop rural land consolidation to green.
【學位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F301.2
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本文編號：2227915