本文關(guān)鍵詞： 草原禁牧 生態(tài)補償 農(nóng)戶收入 C-D生產(chǎn)函數(shù)　出處：《蘭州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：實施草原生態(tài)保護補助獎勵機制項目是我國政府保護草原、增加農(nóng)牧民收益的重大戰(zhàn)略舉措,禁牧與對牧戶進行補償是該項目的主要內(nèi)容。本研究以內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)翁牛特旗作為研究對象,于2013和2014年連續(xù)兩年,每年對260戶農(nóng)牧戶進行了定點調(diào)查。走訪了有關(guān)部門,獲取了大量相關(guān)信息。研究與分析了該區(qū)域草原禁牧對農(nóng)戶收入的影響,并提出了相關(guān)建議。主要結(jié)果如下：1.草原禁牧獲得了75%受訪農(nóng)戶的支持與肯定,但僅有12%的農(nóng)戶的收益獲得增加。另有25%的受訪農(nóng)戶對該政策持消極態(tài)度,究其原因可分為收入下降,缺少技術(shù)和習(xí)慣放牧等分別占受訪農(nóng)戶的10%,3%、12%。2.草原禁牧促進了調(diào)查區(qū)畜牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展與提高,主要原因是綿羊由全放牧改為放牧與舍飼相結(jié)合,家畜營養(yǎng)條件得到改善,繁殖率明顯提高。另外,羊肉價格不斷上升也是促進生產(chǎn)發(fā)展的原因之一。與全放牧相比全年禁牧區(qū)和季節(jié)休牧區(qū)綿羊飼養(yǎng)成本分別增加215%和163%,主要是購買飼草。疾病導(dǎo)致綿羊的死亡率增加了40%。3.調(diào)查區(qū)農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)均為養(yǎng)殖業(yè)與種植業(yè)兼顧,但主要種植小麥(Triticum aestivum)、蕎麥(Fagopyrum esculentum)、莜麥(Avena nuda)等糧食作物,基本未種植牧草,種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不能很好的和畜牧業(yè)耦合。草原禁牧對種植業(yè)沒有顯著影響。但與實施政策前相比,全年禁牧區(qū)和季節(jié)休牧區(qū)種植業(yè)成本分別提高了20.7%和22.4%,主要是機械費用的提高。4.全年禁牧區(qū)和季節(jié)休牧區(qū)調(diào)查農(nóng)戶外出勞動力數(shù)量分別增加了185.7%和237.5%。由此增加了農(nóng)牧民的收入渠道,兩個區(qū)域調(diào)查農(nóng)戶打工收入占家庭總收入的比重與禁牧前相比分別提高了23.1%和15.3%。5.生態(tài)補償對農(nóng)戶收入影響甚小,僅有27%的農(nóng)戶認為對增加收入很有幫助,49%的農(nóng)戶認為幫助很小,其余24%的農(nóng)戶認為對收入提高基本無影響。6.畜牧業(yè)C-D生產(chǎn)函數(shù)結(jié)果表明,調(diào)查區(qū)農(nóng)戶畜牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)一直處在規(guī)模報酬遞增階段。家畜資本是最大的要素；棚圈費對收入沒有顯著作用；與禁牧前相比飼草料成本和家畜防疫費對收入的影響均顯著增大,而勞動力對收入的影響減少。種植業(yè)C-D生產(chǎn)函數(shù)結(jié)果表明,調(diào)查區(qū)種植業(yè)生產(chǎn)一直處于規(guī)模報酬遞增階段。耕地面積是貢獻最大的要素；與禁牧前相比勞動力和機械投入對收入的影響均下降,而種子對收入的影響增加；化肥的作用因土地條件而異,在全年禁牧區(qū)對收入無顯著作用,在季節(jié)性休牧區(qū)對收入有所幫助；農(nóng)藥對收入沒有顯著作用。7.主要建議：國家進一步加大對農(nóng)戶的生態(tài)補償力度；實施草地農(nóng)業(yè),調(diào)整種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),大力發(fā)展牧草生產(chǎn)；加強農(nóng)牧戶的技術(shù)技能培訓(xùn)和先進技術(shù)推廣。
[Abstract]:The implementation of the grassland ecological protection subsidy mechanism project is a major strategic move of the Chinese government to protect the grassland and increase the income of farmers and herdsmen. Ban on grazing and compensation to pastoral households are the main contents of this project. This study took Weng Niute Banner of Inner Mongolia Autonomous region as the research object. In 2013 and 2014 for two consecutive years, 260 farmers and pastoralists were investigated on the spot every year, and the relevant departments were visited. This paper studies and analyzes the impact of grassland grazing ban on farmers' income and puts forward some relevant suggestions. The main results are as follows: 1.The grassland grazing ban has been supported and affirmed by 75% rural households surveyed. However, only 12% of the farmers received an increase in income. Another 25% of the respondents held a negative attitude towards the policy, which can be attributed to a decline in income. The lack of techniques and habits of grazing accounted for 10% of the farmers surveyed, respectively. The grassland grazing ban promoted the development and improvement of animal husbandry production in the investigation area. The main reason was that the sheep had changed from full grazing to grazing and house feeding, and the nutritional conditions of livestock had been improved. The reproduction rate has increased significantly. In addition, The rising price of mutton is also one of the reasons for the development of production. Compared with the whole year grazing, the cost of sheep raising in grazing areas and seasonal grazing areas increased by 215% and 163 respectively, mainly because of the purchase of forage grass. Disease resulted in sheep mortality. The production structure of the farmers in the investigation area is that both the breeding and planting industries should be taken into account. But the main crops, such as Triticum aestivum, Fagopyrum esculentumum, Avena nuda) and so on, basically did not grow forage, and the structure of planting could not be well coupled with animal husbandry. The cost of planting was increased by 20.7% and 22.4in the closed pastoral area and the seasonal off-pastoral area respectively, mainly because of the increase of the mechanical cost. The number of farm workers in the forbidding pastoral area and the seasonal off-pastoral area increased by 185.7% and 237.5respectively in the whole year. As a result, the number of farm workers in the forbidding pastoral area and the seasonal off-pastoral area increased. Income channels for farmers and herdsmen, In the two regions, the proportion of household income from migrant workers to total household income increased by 23.1% and 15.30.5.The ecological compensation had little effect on the household income, and only 27% of the farmers thought it was helpful to increase the income, and 49 percent of the farmers thought it was of little help. The results of C-D production function of animal husbandry show that the livestock production of farmers in the investigation area has been in the stage of increasing returns of scale, and livestock capital is the biggest factor. The effects of forage cost and livestock epidemic prevention cost on income were significantly increased, while labor force had less effect on income. The results of C-D production function of planting industry showed that, The cultivated land area is the most important factor, the influence of labor force and mechanical input on income is decreased, but the effect of seed on income is increased. The effect of chemical fertilizer varies with the land condition. The effect of fertilizer on income is not significant in the forbidding pastoral area of the whole year, but it is helpful to the income in the seasonal grazing area. The main suggestions are as follows: the state should further increase the ecological compensation to farmers, implement grassland agriculture, adjust the structure of planting, and vigorously develop forage production; Strengthen agricultural and pastoral technical skills training and advanced technology promotion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F323.8

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