【摘要】：公共物品作為人類公共利益的載體，是滿足社會(huì)公共需要，實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)共同利益的重要途徑。政府機(jī)制和市場(chǎng)機(jī)制是實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)資源有效配置的兩種最基本的制度安排。由于公共物品所具有的非競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性、非排他性等特征，在人們以往的觀念中，公共物品的供給中存在著“市場(chǎng)失靈”，即市場(chǎng)機(jī)制不能自發(fā)地進(jìn)行公共資源的有效配置，從而無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)公共物品的有效供給，因此，自國(guó)家和政府產(chǎn)生以來(lái)，提供公共物品便成為政府的天職。然而現(xiàn)實(shí)中的政府行為并非完美，由政府提供公共物品雖然解決了“搭便車”行為，卻出現(xiàn)了公共物品有效供給不足、政府供給效率低下、政府資金短缺、政府尋租等種種新的問題，造成了所謂的“政府失靈”。面對(duì)公眾對(duì)公共物品不斷增長(zhǎng)的需求，如何更加有效的提供公共物品便成為各國(guó)政府追求的一個(gè)共同目標(biāo)。 本文從公共物品的性質(zhì)、分類等基本理論出發(fā)，首先利用公共選擇理論及自由主義經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)，對(duì)政府壟斷公共物品供給存在的問題、公共物品市場(chǎng)化供給的必要性、可能性、內(nèi)在依據(jù)及條件等進(jìn)行了理論分析，提出了公共物品市場(chǎng)化供給的6條內(nèi)在依據(jù)。其次，結(jié)合理論分析，對(duì)西方新公共管理運(yùn)動(dòng)在公共物品市場(chǎng)化供給中的制度安排、實(shí)踐形式、實(shí)踐效果等進(jìn)行了實(shí)證考察。在此基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合公共物品市場(chǎng)化供給中出現(xiàn)的問題，對(duì)政府在市場(chǎng)化中的作用進(jìn)行了分析。本文的最后，對(duì)現(xiàn)階段我國(guó)公共物品的供給問題進(jìn)行了研究，分析了目前我國(guó)公共物品供給的現(xiàn)狀、供給不足的原因，提出借鑒西方國(guó)家新公共管理的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，實(shí)行政府和市場(chǎng)的分權(quán)，充分利用市場(chǎng)機(jī)制，是解決我國(guó)公共物品有效供給問題的必由之路，并對(duì)如何利用市場(chǎng)機(jī)制完善我國(guó)公共物品供給，，在政策和措施上進(jìn)行了探討。
[Abstract]:Public goods as the carrier of human public interest is an important way to meet the public needs and realize the common interests of society. Government mechanism and market mechanism are two basic institutional arrangements to realize the effective allocation of social resources. Because of the non-competitive and non-exclusive characteristics of public goods, there is a "market failure" in the supply of public goods in the past, that is, the market mechanism can not carry out the effective allocation of public resources spontaneously. Therefore, since the state and the government came into being, the provision of public goods has become the natural duty of the government. However, the actual government behavior is not perfect. Although the government provides public goods to solve the problem of "hitchhiking", it appears that the effective supply of public goods is insufficient, the efficiency of government supply is low, and the government funds are short. Government rent-seeking and other new problems, resulting in the so-called "government failure." In the face of increasing public demand for public goods, how to provide public goods more effectively has become a common goal pursued by governments. Based on the basic theories of the nature and classification of public goods, this paper first uses the theory of public choice and the viewpoint of liberal economists to analyze the problems existing in the government's monopoly on the supply of public goods, and the necessity of the market-oriented supply of public goods. In this paper, the possibility, internal basis and conditions are analyzed theoretically, and six internal bases for the market-oriented supply of public goods are put forward. Secondly, based on the theoretical analysis, the paper makes an empirical study on the institutional arrangement, practice form and practical effect of the new public management movement in the supply of public goods marketization. On this basis, combined with the problems in the market-oriented supply of public goods, the role of the government in the marketization is analyzed. Finally, this paper studies the supply of public goods in our country at present, analyzes the present situation of the supply of public goods in our country, the reasons for the shortage of public goods, and puts forward the experience of new public management in western countries. Decentralization of government and market and full use of market mechanism are the only way to solve the problem of effective supply of public goods in our country. This paper also discusses how to make use of market mechanism to perfect the supply of public goods in our country, and discusses the policies and measures on how to make use of market mechanism to perfect the supply of public goods in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號(hào)】：F062.6

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 黃河?xùn)|;廣西城市公共物品有效供給評(píng)價(jià)與對(duì)策研究[D];廣西師范大學(xué);2008年

2 顧娜娜;淺析民族地區(qū)公共服務(wù)市場(chǎng)化的改革[D];中央民族大學(xué);2008年

3 閔銳;西方國(guó)家政府公共服務(wù)市場(chǎng)化及其啟示[D];黑龍江大學(xué);2009年

本文編號(hào)：2181307