發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-21 08:11

  本文選題：比較優(yōu)勢 + 競爭優(yōu)勢��； 參考：《武漢理工大學(xué)》2010年博士論文

【摘要】： 隨著知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的深入發(fā)展,發(fā)達(dá)國家期望能夠獲得更大的競爭優(yōu)勢以提升本國福利水平,發(fā)展中國家也不斷尋找本國的比較優(yōu)勢,力爭縮小與發(fā)達(dá)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)差距,以實(shí)現(xiàn)從比較優(yōu)勢到競爭優(yōu)勢的躍遷。比較優(yōu)勢或者表現(xiàn)為勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率的差異,或者為某一要素稟賦相對豐富以及規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)的差異,它是競爭優(yōu)勢發(fā)展的初級階段,是潛在的競爭優(yōu)勢。但如果這種潛在的優(yōu)質(zhì)性沒有發(fā)揮出來,即使擁有了該要素的比較優(yōu)勢也不等于擁有競爭優(yōu)勢。只有將這種隱形的優(yōu)勢展現(xiàn)出來并持續(xù)提升才有可能轉(zhuǎn)化為競爭優(yōu)勢。 比較優(yōu)勢理論是國際貿(mào)易理論的核心與基石,競爭優(yōu)勢理論是產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)理論的重要組成部分。本文綜合運(yùn)用國際貿(mào)易學(xué)、產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、管理學(xué)等理論,以定性分析與定量分析相結(jié)合、規(guī)范研究與實(shí)證研究相結(jié)合的方法分析比較優(yōu)勢與競爭優(yōu)勢的關(guān)聯(lián)機(jī)理及轉(zhuǎn)化機(jī)制。本文的主要內(nèi)容如下： 1.比較優(yōu)勢與競爭優(yōu)勢的理論基礎(chǔ)。包括比較優(yōu)勢與競爭優(yōu)勢的內(nèi)涵和理論的演化路徑。前者的演化邏輯是基于勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率差異、資源稟賦差異、規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)差異以及交易效率等差異的比較優(yōu)勢。后者主要是基于知識(shí)、政策、市場結(jié)構(gòu)、戰(zhàn)略、動(dòng)態(tài)能力、資源等優(yōu)勢的競爭優(yōu)勢。 2.比較優(yōu)勢與競爭優(yōu)勢的關(guān)聯(lián)機(jī)理。本文從靜態(tài)、動(dòng)態(tài)兩方面分析兩種優(yōu)勢的關(guān)聯(lián)機(jī)理。靜態(tài)分析體現(xiàn)在比較優(yōu)勢和競爭優(yōu)勢的五大區(qū)別與五大聯(lián)系。五大區(qū)別為：兩種優(yōu)勢的前提假設(shè)、側(cè)重的內(nèi)涵、發(fā)展特征、種類細(xì)分及貿(mào)易政策有所不同。五大聯(lián)系為：兩者都是研究一國在開放條件下國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)應(yīng)當(dāng)保持什么樣的結(jié)構(gòu)才能最大限度地提高國民福利水平,其中,比較優(yōu)勢研究的是要素稟賦不同情況下國際間的分工與合作；競爭優(yōu)勢更多的是研究要素稟賦相同情況下國際間的產(chǎn)品利益分配。在內(nèi)容上,比較優(yōu)勢是競爭優(yōu)勢發(fā)展的初級階段,是競爭優(yōu)勢的表現(xiàn)形式之一,是競爭優(yōu)勢的必要條件,從比較優(yōu)勢到競爭優(yōu)勢是-個(gè)循序漸近的過程。動(dòng)態(tài)分析是以產(chǎn)品生命周期理論為藍(lán)本,采用強(qiáng)弱程度不同的正負(fù)性來顯示比較優(yōu)勢與競爭優(yōu)勢的屬性,構(gòu)建比較優(yōu)勢與競爭優(yōu)勢的互動(dòng)關(guān)聯(lián)模型。 3.比較優(yōu)勢與競爭優(yōu)勢的轉(zhuǎn)化機(jī)制。本文依照點(diǎn)-線-面-體的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)建立比較優(yōu)勢與競爭優(yōu)勢轉(zhuǎn)化的“山坡”模型,也為“54321”模型,即5個(gè)要素,4個(gè)假設(shè)(規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)、不完全競爭、產(chǎn)品異質(zhì)性、關(guān)聯(lián)產(chǎn)業(yè)的協(xié)同性),3條路徑(屬性為絕對比較優(yōu)勢的Ⅰ類比較優(yōu)勢、屬性為相對比較優(yōu)勢的Ⅱ類比較優(yōu)勢和屬性為絕對比較劣勢的Ⅲ類比較優(yōu)勢向競爭優(yōu)勢的轉(zhuǎn)化),2個(gè)平臺(tái)(對發(fā)達(dá)國家和對發(fā)展中國家兩種國際分工情況下的優(yōu)勢轉(zhuǎn)化),1個(gè)系統(tǒng)(在加入時(shí)間要素情況下,將目標(biāo)產(chǎn)業(yè)與關(guān)聯(lián)產(chǎn)業(yè)綜合考慮,把動(dòng)態(tài)比較優(yōu)勢轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)態(tài)競爭優(yōu)勢的過程)。同時(shí),構(gòu)建“人”字型模型來說明比較優(yōu)勢向競爭優(yōu)勢轉(zhuǎn)化的5要素的關(guān)系：技術(shù)是“心臟”,是優(yōu)勢轉(zhuǎn)化的原動(dòng)力；資本是“血液”,是優(yōu)勢轉(zhuǎn)化的活力劑；勞動(dòng)是“四肢”,是優(yōu)勢轉(zhuǎn)化的實(shí)施者；組織是“器官”,是優(yōu)勢轉(zhuǎn)化的平臺(tái)；制度是“大腦”,為優(yōu)勢轉(zhuǎn)化提供政策保障與環(huán)境支撐。 4.比較優(yōu)勢向競爭優(yōu)勢轉(zhuǎn)化的實(shí)證分析。本文從汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)特征出發(fā),比較分析美日德的汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭優(yōu)勢。從定性的“山坡”模型與定量的主成分分析的角度探索中國汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的比較優(yōu)勢與競爭優(yōu)勢。定性分析的結(jié)論是：充足的勞動(dòng)力供給、建設(shè)國家創(chuàng)新機(jī)制的政府政策和長期積累的企業(yè)文化是當(dāng)前中國汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的Ⅰ類比較優(yōu)勢；國內(nèi)市場和自然資源是Ⅱ類比較優(yōu)勢；資本、技術(shù)、組織管理、關(guān)聯(lián)產(chǎn)業(yè)和規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)等是Ⅲ類比較優(yōu)勢。定量上,中國汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)1998-2008年的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,除了以產(chǎn)量集中度等八項(xiàng)指標(biāo)為代表的綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)績效因子在中國汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的優(yōu)勢轉(zhuǎn)化過程中起到舉足輕重的作用外,另外兩個(gè)貢獻(xiàn)度非常高的因素是以RD投入強(qiáng)度為代表的技術(shù)因子和以貨物周轉(zhuǎn)量為代表的物流因子。這說明技術(shù)和物流對中國汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的優(yōu)勢提升具有舉足輕重的作用。 5.比較優(yōu)勢向競爭優(yōu)勢轉(zhuǎn)化的對策建議。通過對比較優(yōu)勢與競爭優(yōu)勢的關(guān)聯(lián)機(jī)理及轉(zhuǎn)化機(jī)制的分析,本文從宏觀支持、中觀支持、微觀支持等三個(gè)層面提出政府政策的具體實(shí)施。
[Abstract]:With the further development of knowledge economy and economic globalization, the developed countries hope to gain greater competitive advantage in order to enhance the level of national welfare, developing countries are also constantly looking for their comparative advantage, and strive to narrow the economic gap with developed countries, the transition to competitive advantage from comparative advantage or comparative advantage to achieve. As the difference in labor productivity, or a relatively abundant factor endowment and scale economic difference, it is the primary stage of competitive advantage and potential competitive advantage. But if the quality of this potential has not been realized, even has the comparative advantage is not equal to the only have a competitive advantage. Contact the advantages of the show and continued it can be transformed into competitive advantage.
The theory of comparative advantage is the core and foundation of international trade theory, competitive advantage theory is an important part of the theory of industrial economics. This paper uses the theory of international trade, industrial economics, technology economics, institutional economics, management theory, combining qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, normative research and empirical research. Method to analyze the correlation mechanism and transformation mechanism of comparative advantage and competitive advantage. The main contents of this paper are as follows:
1. the theory of comparative advantage and competitive advantage. Including the evolution path of the connotation and the theory of comparative advantage and competitive advantage. The former is the logical evolution of labor productivity differences based on differences in resource endowments, the comparative advantage of economies of scale difference and trade efficiency differences. The latter is mainly based on knowledge, policy, market structure, strategy, Dynamic capabilities, resources and other advantages of the competitive advantage.
2. the correlation mechanism of comparative advantage and competitive advantage. This paper from the static correlation mechanism analysis of two kinds of advantages of the two aspects. The dynamic static analysis is reflected in the five differences between the comparative advantage and competitive advantage with the five. Five differences: hypothesis two advantages, focus on the development of connotation, characteristics, types of subdivision and trade policy Different. Five links: both of a country under the condition of opening up the domestic production and consumption should be maintained to maximize what kind of structure could improve the level of national welfare, which is the study on the comparative advantage of factor endowments under different conditions of international division of labor and cooperation; the competitive advantage is more Research on factor endowment phase The product distribution of interests between the international situation. In the content, comparative advantage, competitive advantage is the primary stage of development, is one of the forms of competitive advantage, is a necessary condition for competitive advantage, from comparative advantage to competitive advantage is a gradual process. The dynamic analysis is based on the theory of product life cycle based on with the strength of the process Different degrees of positive and negative attributes to display the comparative advantage and competitive advantage, construct the interaction model of comparative advantage and competitive advantage.
The transformation mechanism of the 3. comparative advantage and competitive advantage. According to the point line face body to establish the logical structure of comparative advantage and competitive advantage into the "hillside" model, also for the "54321" model, namely, 5 elements, 4 assumptions (economies of scale, imperfect competition, product heterogeneity, industry association the coordination), 3 paths (absolute property than The comparative advantage of a superior class attribute for the comparative advantage of the class II comparative advantage and absolute property is relatively inferior to class III comparative advantage to competitive advantage), 2 platforms (on the transformation of developed countries and developing countries on the two international division of labor under the condition of the 1 systems (advantages), in addition time under the condition of the target elements, Industry and related industries into consideration, the dynamic comparative advantage into dynamic competitive advantage). At the same time, relationship between the 5 elements to construct a herringbone model to illustrate the comparative advantage to competitive advantage: the technology is the "heart" is the motive power advantage; capital is the "blood", is the vitality agent advantage; labor Is the "limbs", is the implementation of the advantages of the transformation; organization is "organ", is the advantage of the platform; the system is the "brain", to provide policy support and environmental support for the transformation of advantages.
An empirical analysis of the 4. transforming comparative advantage to competitive advantage. This article from the industrial characteristics of the automobile industry, the automobile industry comparative analysis of the globalization of competitive advantage. From the qualitative and quantitative model of the slope angle of principal component analysis to explore Chinese automobile industry comparative advantage and competitive advantage. The qualitative analysis conclusion is sufficient: The labor supply, government policies and long-term accumulation of corporate culture is the comparative advantage of the automobile industry China class; domestic markets and natural resources is the comparative advantage of class II; capital, technology, organization and management, related industries and economies of scale are class III comparative advantage. The quantitative, Chinese automobile industry 19 98-2008 years of data, in addition to play a decisive role in the comprehensive economic performance factor eight indicators to the output concentration as the representative of the transformation process in China automobile industry advantage, the other two with a very high degree of factors is technical factor to RD as the representative of the input intensity and the freight turnover volume on behalf of the logistics Factor. This shows the advantages of technology and logistics of Chinese automobile industry promotion plays an important role.
5. suggestions on Transformation of comparative advantage to competitive advantage. By analyzing the correlation mechanism of comparative advantage and competitive advantage and the transformation mechanism, from the macro, meso support, put forward the concrete implementation of government policies in three aspects of micro support.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：F062.9;F224

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