本文選題：水陸交錯(cuò)帶 + 體系　； 參考：《北京林業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái)隨著工農(nóng)業(yè)和旅游業(yè)的快速發(fā)展、西南地區(qū)季節(jié)性干旱,漓江呈現(xiàn)汛期洪水泛濫,枯水期時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)、徑流量變小,灘地裸露時(shí)間加長(zhǎng),水質(zhì)變差,景區(qū)美景度下降,旅游承載力下降等生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題。本文開(kāi)展漓江水陸交錯(cuò)帶生態(tài)問(wèn)題診斷分析和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康評(píng)價(jià),進(jìn)行生態(tài)修復(fù)體系構(gòu)建、關(guān)鍵生態(tài)修復(fù)技術(shù)研究以及生態(tài)管理策略研究,促進(jìn)改善漓江水質(zhì)、提高生態(tài)功能以及提升旅游景觀品質(zhì),為漓江水陸交錯(cuò)帶景觀植被恢復(fù)提供技術(shù)參考和科學(xué)依據(jù),為漓江社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供科技支撐。初步研究成果如下：(1)運(yùn)用景觀生態(tài)學(xué)方法,定性與定量分析相結(jié)合,進(jìn)行漓江水陸交錯(cuò)帶生態(tài)現(xiàn)狀分析和生態(tài)問(wèn)題診斷,通過(guò)干擾成因分析、等級(jí)劃分和退化程度分析,診斷得出漓江水陸交錯(cuò)帶生態(tài)系統(tǒng)七成以上處在輕度退化程度以上。進(jìn)行了生態(tài)服務(wù)功能評(píng)估和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康評(píng)價(jià),漓江水陸交錯(cuò)帶生態(tài)系統(tǒng)主導(dǎo)功能為生物多樣性,漓江水陸交錯(cuò)帶基本處于亞健康狀態(tài)。(2)在小尺度上,利用景觀生態(tài)學(xué)及現(xiàn)代數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)方法,基于對(duì)典型河漫灘微地貌景觀結(jié)構(gòu)空間特征分析,干擾對(duì)植物影響研究,河漫灘植被空間呈現(xiàn)帶狀分布,具有典型的礫石河灘→灌草地→疏林地水陸過(guò)渡帶特征；人為干擾強(qiáng)烈區(qū)域植被退化嚴(yán)重。(3)在立地調(diào)查基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了野外試驗(yàn)和室內(nèi)模擬試驗(yàn)研究,植物篩選試驗(yàn)表明,淹水脅迫會(huì)影響植物生長(zhǎng),半淹處理對(duì)黃菖蒲、狗牙根、水蓼、蓰草、艾草、小蓬草、蘆葦、空心蓮子草生長(zhǎng)最有利,可作為漓江水陸交錯(cuò)帶生態(tài)修復(fù)的草種�；|(zhì)試驗(yàn)表明艾草、紫菀、蓓草、空心蓮子草、水楊梅、楓楊等植物對(duì)大顆�；|(zhì)抗逆性強(qiáng),基質(zhì)按砂礫石和土壤質(zhì)量比1：9配比恢復(fù)效果好,泥炭和家畜肥有助于植物發(fā)芽和生長(zhǎng),團(tuán)粒劑增加植物生長(zhǎng)沒(méi)有明顯差異。生態(tài)修復(fù)模式試驗(yàn)表明一葉蔌和空心蓮子草在采取工程輔助措施后在礫石河灘生態(tài)恢復(fù)良好。(4)漓江水陸交錯(cuò)帶共劃分出岸坡、階地、灘涂、江心洲等4個(gè)立地類型組21個(gè)立地類型。漓江水陸交錯(cuò)帶生態(tài)修復(fù)主要立地指標(biāo)因子有坡度、土石比例、植被狀況、土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)等。構(gòu)建了漓江水陸交錯(cuò)帶生態(tài)系統(tǒng)修復(fù)體系,分為岸坡防護(hù)體系、階地防護(hù)體系、礫石河灘防護(hù)體系、江心洲防護(hù)體系、十里畫(huà)廊防護(hù)體系、城鎮(zhèn)區(qū)防護(hù)體系等6大修復(fù)體系24種修復(fù)模式。根據(jù)退化程度和健康狀態(tài)提出水陸交錯(cuò)帶生態(tài)修復(fù)劃分為修建型、修補(bǔ)型、調(diào)整型和保護(hù)型4大類型,相應(yīng)的生態(tài)修復(fù)技術(shù)包括物種選育技術(shù)、植物鑲嵌配置技術(shù)、基質(zhì)修復(fù)技術(shù)、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)調(diào)控技術(shù)、工程綠化技術(shù)、快速綠化技術(shù)、管理技術(shù)等7大類26種技術(shù),提出了典型河漫灘生態(tài)系統(tǒng)修復(fù)技術(shù)集成優(yōu)化技術(shù)模式。(5)在生態(tài)退化機(jī)制診斷和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康評(píng)價(jià)的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)漓江水陸交錯(cuò)帶的自然特點(diǎn)、環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀、旅游發(fā)展需要和保護(hù)與恢復(fù)生態(tài)功能的要求,提出基于人為干預(yù)的漓江水陸交錯(cuò)帶生態(tài)管理的措施,包括提高公眾生態(tài)保護(hù)意識(shí)、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)保護(hù)、生態(tài)規(guī)劃、生態(tài)修復(fù)、開(kāi)發(fā)管理、創(chuàng)新游覽模式、建立補(bǔ)償機(jī)制、加強(qiáng)監(jiān)測(cè)體系建設(shè)等。大圩古鎮(zhèn)典型河漫灘應(yīng)運(yùn)用綜合生態(tài)系統(tǒng)管理方式進(jìn)行管理。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of industry and agriculture and tourism, the seasonal drought in the southwest region, the Lijiang River shows Flood flood season, the time of dry water period is prolonged, the runoff is smaller, the time of bare land is longer, the water quality is worse, the beauty of scenic spots is reduced, and the tourism carrying capacity is declining, and the ecological problems of the Lijiang River and water interlaced zone are carried out in this paper. Diagnosis analysis and ecosystem health evaluation, ecological restoration system construction, key ecological restoration technology research and ecological management strategy research, promote the improvement of Lijiang River water quality, improve the ecological function and improve the tourism landscape quality, provide technical reference and scientific basis for the landscape vegetation restoration of the Lijiang River and land interlaced zone, for Lijiang River Society The sustainable development of the economy provides scientific and technological support. The preliminary research results are as follows: (1) using the landscape ecology method, combining qualitative and quantitative analysis, the ecological situation analysis and ecological problem diagnosis of the Lijiang River and land interlaced zone are carried out, the analysis of the causes of interference, the grade division and the degree of degradation are analyzed, and the ecosystem of the Lijiang River and land ecotone is diagnosed. The ecological service function evaluation and ecosystem health evaluation were carried out over 70% of the system. The ecosystem leading function of the Lijiang River and land ecotone was biological diversity, and the Lijiang River and land interlaced zone was basically in subhealth state. (2) on the small scale, the landscape ecology and modern mathematical statistics were used. The typical river beach micro landform landscape structure spatial characteristics analysis, disturbance to plant influence research, the river beach vegetation space presents the strip distribution, has the typical gravel river beach, the irrigation grassland to the sparse forest land transition zone, the intense area vegetation degradation is serious. (3) on the basis of site investigation, field experiments and indoor experiments are carried out. Plant screening tests show that flooding stress will affect plant growth. Semi flooding is the most favorable for the growth of Huang Changpu, dog root, Polygonum, grass, grass, small fluffy grass, reed, and lotus seed grass. It can be used as a grass species for ecological restoration of the Lijiang River and water interlaced zone. The effect of maple young and other plants on the large particle matrix is strong, the matrix and soil quality are better than 1:9, peat and domestic animal fertilizer can help the plant to germinate and grow, and there is no obvious difference between the plant growth and the growth of the plant. The ecological restoration model test shows that the one leaf and the empty heart lotus grass are in the gravel after the engineering auxiliary measures are taken. The ecological restoration of the Shihe beach is good. (4) the Lijiang River and land interlaced zone divides the bank slope, the terrace, the beach, the Jiang Xin Zhou and other 21 site types. The main index factors of the ecological restoration of the Lijiang River and land ecotone include the slope, the proportion of soil and rock, the condition of vegetation and the organic matter of the soil, and the ecological restoration of the Lijiang River and land interlaced zone is constructed. The system is divided into 24 kinds of restoration models, namely, bank slope protection system, terrace protection system, gravel river beach protection system, Jiang Xin Zhou protection system, ten Li Gallery protection system, and urban area protection system and other 24 restoration modes. According to the degree of degradation and health, the ecological repair of the land and water ecotone is divided into the construction type, the patching type, the adjustment type and the protection type 4 major. Types and corresponding ecological restoration techniques include species breeding technology, plant mosaic configuration technology, matrix repair technology, ecological system regulation technology, engineering greening technology, rapid greening technology, management technology and other 7 kinds of technologies, and put forward the integrated optimization technology model of typical river beach ecosystem repair and restoration technology. (5) in the ecological degradation mechanism On the basis of diagnosis and ecosystem health assessment, according to the natural characteristics, environmental status, tourism development and ecological functions of the Lijiang River and water interlaced zone, the ecological management measures of the Lijiang River and land interlaced zone based on human intervention are proposed, including improving the ecological protection awareness, ecosystem protection and ecological planning of the public. Ecological restoration, development and management, innovative sightseeing mode, establishment of compensation mechanism, and strengthening the construction of monitoring system. The typical river beach in the ancient town of Dawei should be managed by comprehensive ecosystem management.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：X171.4
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本文編號(hào)：1982931