本文關(guān)鍵詞： 小微金融 演進(jìn)機(jī)理 效率實(shí)證 金融抑制 金融深化　出處：《江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在過(guò)去的較長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)期,通常認(rèn)為小微金融是為低收入或赤貧農(nóng)村居民發(fā)放小額貸款的行為,尤其在經(jīng)濟(jì)欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家更是如此。在后續(xù)的發(fā)展過(guò)程中,尤以經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家為代表,小微金融包括為中小微企業(yè)和城鄉(xiāng)社區(qū)居民提供系列金融服務(wù),于是小微金融的服務(wù)對(duì)象有了很大的拓展。盡管如此,理論界還是主要關(guān)注小微金融的傳統(tǒng)焦點(diǎn)——弱勢(shì)群體所得到的貸款數(shù)量和惠及的人口或中小微企業(yè)的數(shù)量,以及小微金融機(jī)構(gòu)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)狀況,而對(duì)宏觀層面上的小微金融演進(jìn)機(jī)理則少有關(guān)注。區(qū)別于上述研究關(guān)注方向,本文著重于以宏觀的角度對(duì)中國(guó)小微金融演進(jìn)過(guò)程及其演進(jìn)機(jī)理進(jìn)行研究,并且對(duì)小微金融的效率進(jìn)行實(shí)證。本文觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為,中國(guó)小微金融存在明顯的階段演進(jìn)軌跡,主要可劃分為三個(gè)階段,即政府主導(dǎo)下農(nóng)信社主體經(jīng)營(yíng)階段、銀行業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)全面競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的階段、最新趨勢(shì)的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融掀起階段,每個(gè)階段都有其實(shí)質(zhì)的演進(jìn)機(jī)理。其中在金融抑制的制度背景下產(chǎn)生政府主導(dǎo)的農(nóng)信社主體經(jīng)營(yíng)的模式,金融深化的制度背景下演進(jìn)為銀行業(yè)全面參與小微金融競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的格局,金融深化的延續(xù)演進(jìn)為在正規(guī)金融體系之外催生了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融體系的崛起,因此,小微金融的演進(jìn)進(jìn)程體現(xiàn)了我國(guó)金融制度變遷和金融深化的過(guò)程。本文的主要貢獻(xiàn)和創(chuàng)新在于：(1)對(duì)小微金融演進(jìn)過(guò)程的劃分的創(chuàng)新性。本文從宏觀的角度研究我國(guó)小微金融的演進(jìn)過(guò)程,把小微金融演進(jìn)界定分為三個(gè)階段,并以經(jīng)典理論即金融抑制與金融深化理論為工具解釋我國(guó)小微金融的演進(jìn)機(jī)理,這是本文的特色創(chuàng)新之處。(2)對(duì)小微金融概念界定的創(chuàng)新性。本文界定的小微金融并不是專指小微金融機(jī)構(gòu)和對(duì)農(nóng)村居民發(fā)放小額貸款的活動(dòng),因此對(duì)此前的小微金融概念進(jìn)行了拓展,把小微金融界定為包括對(duì)農(nóng)村和城鎮(zhèn)居民小額貸款、涉及小額貸款的所有正規(guī)金融機(jī)構(gòu)和非正規(guī)金融、小微金融工具以及中小微企業(yè)融于一體的綜合化組織運(yùn)行機(jī)體,這也是本文的創(chuàng)新之一。本文提出了幾個(gè)原創(chuàng)觀點(diǎn)：一是小微金融應(yīng)主要轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槭袌?chǎng)化運(yùn)作,不應(yīng)該夾入扶貧金融的成分,已有的實(shí)踐證明,扶貧金融最終都不具有可持續(xù)性；二是國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行等大型銀行應(yīng)適當(dāng)退出小微金融,把大部分小微金融業(yè)務(wù)讓渡給小型銀行和小額貸款公司以及非正規(guī)金融,以大銀行——大企業(yè),小銀行——小微企業(yè)的定位對(duì)稱關(guān)系開(kāi)展經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)。三是以大力發(fā)展獨(dú)立法人的社區(qū)銀行作為我國(guó)未來(lái)小微金融機(jī)構(gòu)的主導(dǎo)力量,這是由社區(qū)銀行在小微金融的優(yōu)勢(shì)特征而決定,社區(qū)銀行在解決其與社區(qū)居民和小微企業(yè)的信息不對(duì)稱問(wèn)題上具有獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì)。(3)對(duì)小微金融研究領(lǐng)域的創(chuàng)新性。已有文獻(xiàn)對(duì)小微金融效率研究甚少,本文從供給方的效率(金融機(jī)構(gòu)和非正規(guī)金融機(jī)構(gòu)的經(jīng)營(yíng)效益)、需求方的效率(中小微企業(yè)和個(gè)體工商戶以及城鄉(xiāng)社區(qū)居民的經(jīng)營(yíng)效益)以及社會(huì)效益三個(gè)角度對(duì)小微金融效率問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了考察和實(shí)證分析。
[Abstract]:In the past a long period of time, usually think that micro finance is a small loans for rural residents with low income or poor behavior, especially in the underdeveloped countries is even more so. In the process of development of the economy, especially in developed countries as the representative, including small and micro finance for small and micro enterprises and urban and rural residents provide a series of financial services, and small micro financial service has been greatly expanded. In spite of this, the number of the number of loans and benefit theory and mainly focus on small and micro finance, the traditional focus on vulnerable groups of the population or in Small and micro businesses, small and micro financial institutions risk status of small micro finance evolution mechanism on the macro level are less concerned. Different from the research direction, this paper focuses on the macro perspective to micro finance Chinese evolution process and evolution mechanism in research The efficiency and the small micro financial empirical. This view, Chinese micro finance stage evolution obviously, mainly can be divided into three stages, namely the government under the leadership of the rural credit cooperatives main operation stage, comprehensive competition of the banking organization stage, stage of Internet financial set off the latest trend. Each stage has its essence. The evolution mechanism of the government leading rural credit cooperatives main operating mode in the system background of financial repression under the institutional background of financial deepening evolution for the banking industry to fully participate in the small and micro financial competition pattern, the continuation of evolution of financial deepening in addition to the formal financial system led to the rise. The Internet financial system so that the small micro financial evolution reflects our financial system changes and financial deepening process. The main contribution and innovation of this paper lies in: (1) the small and micro financial evolution The innovation process of the division. This paper studies evolution of China's small and micro finance from a macro point of view, the small and micro financial evolution definition is divided into three stages, and with the classic theory of financial repression and financial deepening theory as a tool to explain the evolution mechanism of China's small and micro finance, this is the characteristic of this innovation. (2) the innovation of small and micro financial concepts. This paper defines the small and micro finance does not specifically refer to small and micro financial institutions and activities of rural residents of small loans, so the small micro finance concept is extended to small and micro finance to include small loans to the rural and urban residents and all the formal financial institutions involved in microfinance and non formal finance, operation body integrated organization of small and micro financial instruments as well as small and micro enterprises into one, which is one of the innovations of this paper. This paper puts forward some original Views: one is the small micro finance should be transformed into the operation of the market, should not with poor financial components, has been proved that the poor financial ultimately not sustainable; the two is the state-owned commercial banks and other large banks should withdraw from the appropriate small micro finance, the transfer of most of the small and micro finance business to small banks and small loan companies and non formal finance, with big bank, large enterprises, small banks -- positioning symmetric relation Small and micro businesses to carry out business activities. The three is to vigorously develop the independent legal community banks as the dominant force in our country in the future of small and micro financial institutions, which is composed of community banks in the small and micro financial characteristics and advantages decided that the community bank has unique advantages in resolving the community residents and Small and micro businesses information asymmetry problem. (3) the innovation of small and micro finance research field. The existing literature on small and micro The research on the financial efficiency is very little, the efficiency of the supply side (financial institutions and non formal financial institutions operating efficiency, demand side (efficiency) of small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households and communities for urban and rural residents benefit) and social benefit three aspects analyzed and empirical research on the small and micro financial efficiency.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F832.4

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