本文選題：延安　切入點(diǎn)：小雜糧　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：小雜糧是小宗糧食作物的俗稱,泛指生育期短、種植規(guī)模小、地域性強(qiáng)、種植方法特殊、有特種用途的多種小宗糧豆作物。主要包括雜糧類(糜谷類、蕎麥類、青稞和燕麥等)、雜豆類(如黑豆、黃豆、鷹嘴豆、蕓豆、蠶豆、豌豆)、小薯類(甘薯)和小油料類(紫蘇、蕓芥)作物。因其耐旱耐瘠薄,適應(yīng)性強(qiáng),籽實(shí)營養(yǎng)豐富,醫(yī)食同源且耐貯藏,迄今為止,一直是延安地區(qū)重要的糧食作物和關(guān)鍵的“生態(tài)作物”,對滿足當(dāng)?shù)氐募Z食需求、控制水土流失和減少土壤侵蝕具有不可替代的地位。小雜糧是陜北地區(qū)的傳統(tǒng)作物,當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民自古就有種植小雜糧的習(xí)慣,且分布廣泛,具有生產(chǎn)優(yōu)勢;延安土地廣闊,土層深厚,光照充足,晝夜溫差大,降雨集中,具有區(qū)域優(yōu)勢;延安地區(qū)工業(yè)不發(fā)達(dá)小雜糧生長區(qū)域無重工業(yè)、環(huán)境污染小,種植過程中化肥施用量少、幾乎不使用農(nóng)藥,具有品質(zhì)優(yōu)勢。目前,延安地區(qū)的小宗糧食作物主要包括谷子、糜子、綠豆、黑豆、豇豆、紅小豆、蕓豆、蕎麥等,是當(dāng)?shù)氐膫鹘y(tǒng)糧食作物和主要的經(jīng)濟(jì)作物,具有明顯的地理優(yōu)勢和產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)勢,對實(shí)現(xiàn)延安地區(qū)糧食的基本自足和促進(jìn)延安地區(qū)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。位于延安北部的安塞縣具有土地、氣候等優(yōu)越條件及傳統(tǒng)的雜糧種植習(xí)慣,但由于玉米、馬鈴薯等作物面積的擴(kuò)大以及退耕還林還草工程的實(shí)施,小雜糧的面積逐步減小,為了提高小雜糧的生產(chǎn)及比較效益,通過小雜糧品種引進(jìn)示范推廣、基地建設(shè)和栽培技術(shù)應(yīng)用;產(chǎn)品品牌及地理標(biāo)志培育、科技培訓(xùn)以及小雜糧加工企業(yè)的扶持,使小雜糧逐步走上了產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展的趨勢。延安地區(qū)小雜糧生產(chǎn)雖然取得了發(fā)展,但長期以來,由于種植規(guī)模小、栽培技術(shù)落后、現(xiàn)代化水平較低,品種混雜、產(chǎn)品單一、質(zhì)量參差不齊,市場化程度較低、產(chǎn)業(yè)體系不夠健全,小雜糧產(chǎn)業(yè)科研和技術(shù)推廣水平低等原因制約了小雜糧產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。因此,通過因地制宜、優(yōu)化作物布局、提高生產(chǎn)效益,引進(jìn)和篩選多元化的新品種,強(qiáng)化雜糧名優(yōu)產(chǎn)品意識,綜合利用雜糧潛在資源,實(shí)施高端壟斷戰(zhàn)略,提高各類雜糧產(chǎn)品的集中附加值,健全雜糧產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)和服務(wù)體系等措施,采取高水平、高科技含量的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)和科學(xué)管理種植策略,竭盡全力開發(fā)利用延安地區(qū)的小雜糧區(qū)位優(yōu)勢,促進(jìn)小雜糧的產(chǎn)業(yè)化開發(fā),必將為整個延安地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)重要力量,并且創(chuàng)造巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、社會效益和生態(tài)效益,小雜糧產(chǎn)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展也會得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Small grain is a common name for small grain crops. It generally refers to a variety of small grain crops with short growth period, small planting scale, strong regional character, special planting methods and special uses. Crops such as highland barley and oats, mixed beans (such as black beans, soybeans, chickpeas, kidney beans, broad beans, peas, small potatoes (sweet potatoes) and small oil crops (perilla, brassica). So far, it has been an important food crop and a key "ecological crop" to meet the local food demand in Yan'an area. It is irreplaceable to control soil erosion and reduce soil erosion. Small grain is a traditional crop in northern Shaanxi. Local farmers have the habit of planting small crops since ancient times, and they have a wide distribution, which has the advantage of production. The soil layer is deep, the light is sufficient, the temperature difference between day and night is large, the rainfall is concentrated, and has the regional advantage. There is no heavy industry, the environment pollution is small, the amount of chemical fertilizer applied in the planting process is less, and the pesticide is hardly used in the growing area of the industrial underdeveloped minor grain in Yan'an area. At present, the small grain crops in Yanan area mainly include millet, millet, millet, black bean, cowpea, red bean, kidney bean, buckwheat and so on. They are local traditional food crops and main cash crops. Having obvious geographical and industrial advantages is of vital importance to realizing the basic self-sufficiency of grain and promoting the prosperity and development of the rural economy in Yanan. Ansai County, located in the northern part of Yan'an, has land. Climate and other favorable conditions and traditional miscellaneous grain planting habits, but due to the expansion of crop areas such as corn and potatoes and the implementation of the project of returning farmland to forests and grass, the area of small grains has gradually decreased. In order to improve the production and comparative benefits of small grains, Through the introduction and promotion of small grain varieties, the construction of bases and the application of cultivation techniques; the cultivation of product brands and geographical indications, the training of science and technology, and the support of small grain processing enterprises, Although the small grain production in Yan'an area has made progress, for a long time, because of the small planting scale, the cultivation technique is backward, the modernization level is low, the variety is mixed, the product is single, The poor quality, low marketization, imperfect industrial system and low level of scientific research and technology promotion restrict the development of the small grain industry. Therefore, by adapting measures to local conditions, we should optimize the distribution of crops. To improve the production efficiency, to introduce and screen new varieties, to strengthen the awareness of the famous and excellent miscellaneous grain products, to make comprehensive use of the potential resources of miscellaneous grains, to implement the high-end monopoly strategy, and to increase the concentration added value of all kinds of miscellaneous grain products. To improve the technology and service system of miscellaneous grain industry, to adopt high level and high-tech agricultural production technology and scientific management and planting strategy, and to make every effort to develop and utilize the regional advantages of small grains in Yan'an area. To promote the industrialization of small grains will certainly contribute an important strength to the economic development of the whole Yanan area, and create huge economic, social and ecological benefits, and the sustainable development of small grain industry will be realized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F326.11

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