本文選題：音樂(lè)教育 + 長(zhǎng)笛��； 參考：《中央民族大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：課外活動(dòng)是實(shí)施素質(zhì)教育中的重要環(huán)節(jié)之一,豐富多樣的課外活動(dòng)有助于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新實(shí)踐能力與相互合作能力。第二課堂是對(duì)第一課堂的補(bǔ)充,是對(duì)第一課堂所學(xué)知識(shí)的擴(kuò)展延伸,承擔(dān)著培養(yǎng)學(xué)生生動(dòng)、主動(dòng)、活潑發(fā)展的教育功能。長(zhǎng)笛自清末民初時(shí)期傳入我國(guó),廣泛用于管樂(lè)團(tuán)演奏中,目前以第二課堂的形式進(jìn)入校園,學(xué)校借助這一西洋樂(lè)器,將音樂(lè)第一課堂與第二課堂知識(shí)內(nèi)容相互關(guān)聯(lián)。通過(guò)采取多樣的教學(xué)形式與方法,幫助學(xué)生提高音樂(lè)實(shí)踐能力,接受多元藝術(shù)文化浸染,提升審美能力。因教學(xué)大綱沒(méi)有明確規(guī)定,學(xué)校對(duì)于第二課堂的教學(xué)亦沒(méi)有硬性要求,導(dǎo)致長(zhǎng)笛第二課堂處于尷尬境地,主要表現(xiàn)在教學(xué)的隨意性和人員流動(dòng)性較大,教師教學(xué)內(nèi)容不固定,這都有悖于器樂(lè)進(jìn)課堂的初衷。小學(xué)階段的兒童正處于性格發(fā)展的重要時(shí)期,她們的自尊心與自我意識(shí)在逐漸增強(qiáng),又缺少自我剖析與判斷的能力,因此教師在長(zhǎng)笛第二課堂教學(xué)中,應(yīng)針對(duì)學(xué)生的性格發(fā)展特點(diǎn)加以正確引導(dǎo),了解學(xué)生現(xiàn)階段的認(rèn)知特點(diǎn),結(jié)合便于學(xué)生理解與學(xué)生喜愛(ài)的方式,采用現(xiàn)代化教學(xué)手段與策略,提升學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)效果。"三維目標(biāo)"是教學(xué)過(guò)程中應(yīng)達(dá)到的三個(gè)維度的教學(xué)目標(biāo),由情感、態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀;過(guò)程與方法;知識(shí)與技能三方面構(gòu)成的統(tǒng)一整體。在第一課堂或是第二課堂教學(xué)中,三維目標(biāo)是課堂教學(xué)過(guò)程的重要依據(jù)。本文將圍繞三維目標(biāo)進(jìn)行調(diào)查與實(shí)踐,可分為以下三部分:一、通過(guò)對(duì)學(xué)校、學(xué)生以及教師三個(gè)方面的訪談及問(wèn)卷調(diào)查,了解校方對(duì)于器樂(lè)課程的培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)以及課程開(kāi)設(shè)情況,教師的教學(xué)內(nèi)容、教學(xué)方式、是否關(guān)注到學(xué)生的生理與心理情況,關(guān)注到學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的情感與過(guò)程的體驗(yàn),學(xué)生在課上與課后的學(xué)習(xí)情況、知識(shí)掌握情況,以及教師對(duì)于長(zhǎng)笛第二課堂的評(píng)價(jià)與學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中的態(tài)度。二、結(jié)合上述調(diào)查能夠發(fā)現(xiàn),目前教師在長(zhǎng)笛第二課堂教學(xué)中,更多教授的是演奏長(zhǎng)笛的技能技巧,沒(méi)有注重體驗(yàn)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程與教授學(xué)習(xí)方法,對(duì)學(xué)生的興趣愛(ài)好與情感沒(méi)有持續(xù)性培養(yǎng),學(xué)校對(duì)于第二課堂沒(méi)有硬性規(guī)定,學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中變得自由散漫,隨意性較強(qiáng)。在關(guān)注到這些問(wèn)題后,以三維目標(biāo)為依據(jù),圍繞著對(duì)學(xué)生情感培養(yǎng)、學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程的感受以及基本知識(shí)、基本技能的提高等三個(gè)方面,從掌握正確的基本功練習(xí)方法到通過(guò)音符卡片與樂(lè)曲變奏的形式達(dá)到音基知識(shí)的夯實(shí),從中西方不同音樂(lè)文化的賞析到親自動(dòng)手進(jìn)行樂(lè)曲改編的創(chuàng)造性思維培養(yǎng),來(lái)進(jìn)行合理的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)。三、在教學(xué)實(shí)踐中,運(yùn)用講授法、練習(xí)法與演示法等教學(xué)方法提升學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)效果與學(xué)習(xí)興趣,運(yùn)用直觀性原則、鞏固性原則與量力性原則等教學(xué)原則,指導(dǎo)、調(diào)節(jié)整個(gè)教學(xué)過(guò)程。根據(jù)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)效果與家長(zhǎng)的反饋不斷反思,總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn),提出教師在教學(xué)過(guò)程中應(yīng)結(jié)合學(xué)生實(shí)際情況與能力特點(diǎn),合理安排學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容的進(jìn)度與難易程度,進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)慕虒W(xué)定位,以及在課堂教學(xué)中,以科學(xué)的教學(xué)方法與手段為基礎(chǔ),為學(xué)生創(chuàng)設(shè)教學(xué)情境,運(yùn)用直觀的教具與生動(dòng)的語(yǔ)言,精心設(shè)計(jì)安排教學(xué)過(guò)程,使得課堂教學(xué)藝術(shù)化等兩點(diǎn)建議。
[Abstract]:Extracurricular activities are one of the important links in the implementation of quality education. The rich and diverse extracurricular activities help to cultivate students' ability to innovate practice and cooperate with each other. The second class is a supplement to the first class, the extension of the knowledge learned in the first class, and the educational function of raising the students' vivid, active and active development. The flute was introduced into China from the early Qing Dynasty to the beginning of the early Republic of China. It is widely used in orchestra playing. It has entered the campus in the form of the second class. With the help of this Western musical instrument, the school connects the first class of music with the content of the second class. By adopting a variety of teaching forms and methods, the students can help students to improve their ability to practice music and accept pluralism. There is no explicit stipulation in the syllabus and there is no hard demand for the teaching of the second class, which leads to the embarrassing situation in the second classroom of the flute, which is mainly manifested in the randomness of the teaching and the mobility of the staff, and the inconsistency of the teacher's teaching, which is contrary to the original intention of the instrumental music entering the classroom. Children in the school stage are in an important period of character development, their self esteem and self-consciousness are increasing, and they lack the ability to analyze and judge themselves. Therefore, in the second classroom teaching of the flute, teachers should correctly guide the characteristics of the students' character development, understand the cognitive characteristics of the students at the present stage, and combine them with the students. Understanding and students' favorite ways, using modern teaching methods and strategies to improve students' learning effect. "Three dimensional goals" is the three dimensions of teaching objectives in the teaching process, the unity of the three aspects of emotion, attitude and value, process and method, knowledge and skills. In the first class or in the second class teaching In this paper, three dimensional objective is an important basis for the course of classroom teaching. This paper will investigate and practice the three dimensional targets, which can be divided into the following three parts: first, through interviews and questionnaire surveys of three aspects of schools, students and teachers, the objective of the training of instrumental music courses, the course setting, the teaching content of the teachers, and the teaching contents are understood. The way of learning is concerned with the physical and psychological conditions of the students, the experience of the emotion and process of the students, the learning situation, the knowledge of the students in class and after class, and the teacher's attitude to the second classroom of the flute and the attitude of the students in the process of learning. Two. In the second classroom teaching of the flute, more teaching is the skill and skill of playing flute. It does not pay attention to the experience of learning and the method of learning. It does not cultivate the interests and feelings of the students. The school has no hard stipulation on the second class, and the students become free and casual in the process of learning. After the problem, on the basis of the three dimensional objective, it revolves around three aspects, such as the cultivation of students' emotion, the feeling of the learning process, the basic knowledge and the improvement of basic skills. It is a rammed knowledge of the sound basis from the correct basic practice methods to the form of notes cards and music variations, from the appreciation of different music cultures in the West and the West. Three. In the teaching practice, the teaching methods, such as teaching method, practice method and demonstration method, are used to improve the students' learning effect and interest, and the teaching principles such as intuitionistic principle, consolidation principle and measure principle are used to guide and adjust the whole teaching. The process. According to the students' learning effect and the feedback of the parents, the author summarizes the experience, and puts forward that teachers should combine the actual situation and ability of the students in the course of teaching, arrange the progress and difficulty of the learning content reasonably, make the proper teaching orientation, and base on the scientific teaching methods and means in the classroom teaching. Students create teaching situations, use intuitive teaching aids and vivid language, carefully design and arrange teaching process, and make classroom teaching artistic.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G623.71

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