高等教育公平的財政問題與解決對策
發(fā)布時間:2018-07-15 21:18
【摘要】:高等教育是指在完成高級中等教育基礎(chǔ)上實施的教育,由高等學(xué)校和其他高等教育機構(gòu)實施的教育。政府是高等教育的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,高等學(xué)校和其他高等教育機構(gòu)是高等教育的提供者,家庭及個人是高等教育的接受者,因此高等教育公平問題涉及到多個方面的內(nèi)容,包括教育資源分配的公平性、教育信息的對稱性、入學(xué)機會的均等性等各個方面。高等教育公平化的財政政策是指為了解決在高等教育實施過程中的一系列不公平現(xiàn)象,作為高等教育領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的政府為了解決這些不公平現(xiàn)象所采取的一系列積極的財政措施。 建國以來,政府在不同時期對高等教育采取了不同的財政措施。1949-1984年是免費加人民助學(xué)金的免費制度時期,從上世紀(jì)80年代初是獎學(xué)金與助學(xué)金并存制度。從1985年開始高等學(xué)校開始實施成本分擔(dān)制度改革一直到90年代高校收費制度的并軌,我國擴展了的學(xué)生資助制度有效地緩解了高等教育過程中的不公平現(xiàn)象。 2002年,我國高等教育進(jìn)入大眾化階段。隨著高等教育的大眾化,高等教育不公平的一系列問題凸顯出來。高等教育準(zhǔn)公共產(chǎn)品的特性以及高等教育市場的缺陷性決定了高等教育公平化需要公共財政的支持和補貼,非政府力量無法真正保障高等教育公平的現(xiàn)實要求政府介入高等教育,為此應(yīng)完善促進(jìn)高等教育公平的財政政策,開辟財政支持高等教育發(fā)展的新渠道,加大對高等教育捐贈和投資的稅收優(yōu)惠政策,引導(dǎo)社會資金促進(jìn)高等教育的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Higher education refers to the education implemented on the basis of the completion of higher secondary education and implemented by institutions of higher learning and other institutions of higher education. The government is the leader of higher education, colleges and universities and other institutions of higher education are the providers of higher education, and families and individuals are the recipients of higher education. Therefore, the issue of equity in higher education involves many aspects. It includes the fairness of educational resource allocation, the symmetry of educational information, the equality of access to school and so on. The fiscal policy of equalizing higher education refers to a series of positive financial measures taken by the government as a leader of higher education to solve these unfair phenomena in order to solve a series of unfair phenomena in the course of the implementation of higher education. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the government has taken different financial measures on higher education in different periods. From the beginning of the reform of the cost sharing system in colleges and universities in 1985 to the unification of the charging system in colleges and universities in the 1990s, the expanded student support system in China has effectively alleviated the unfair phenomenon in the process of higher education. China's higher education has entered the stage of popularization. With the popularization of higher education, a series of problems of unfairness in higher education have emerged. The characteristics of quasi public goods in higher education and the defects of higher education market determine that the fairness of higher education needs the support and subsidy of public finance. The reality that non-governmental forces cannot really guarantee the fairness of higher education requires the government to intervene in higher education. Therefore, it is necessary to perfect the fiscal policy to promote the fairness of higher education and to open up new channels of financial support for the development of higher education. We will increase tax incentives for higher education donations and investments, and guide social funds to promote the development of higher education.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:東北財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號】:G649.2
本文編號:2125415
[Abstract]:Higher education refers to the education implemented on the basis of the completion of higher secondary education and implemented by institutions of higher learning and other institutions of higher education. The government is the leader of higher education, colleges and universities and other institutions of higher education are the providers of higher education, and families and individuals are the recipients of higher education. Therefore, the issue of equity in higher education involves many aspects. It includes the fairness of educational resource allocation, the symmetry of educational information, the equality of access to school and so on. The fiscal policy of equalizing higher education refers to a series of positive financial measures taken by the government as a leader of higher education to solve these unfair phenomena in order to solve a series of unfair phenomena in the course of the implementation of higher education. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the government has taken different financial measures on higher education in different periods. From the beginning of the reform of the cost sharing system in colleges and universities in 1985 to the unification of the charging system in colleges and universities in the 1990s, the expanded student support system in China has effectively alleviated the unfair phenomenon in the process of higher education. China's higher education has entered the stage of popularization. With the popularization of higher education, a series of problems of unfairness in higher education have emerged. The characteristics of quasi public goods in higher education and the defects of higher education market determine that the fairness of higher education needs the support and subsidy of public finance. The reality that non-governmental forces cannot really guarantee the fairness of higher education requires the government to intervene in higher education. Therefore, it is necessary to perfect the fiscal policy to promote the fairness of higher education and to open up new channels of financial support for the development of higher education. We will increase tax incentives for higher education donations and investments, and guide social funds to promote the development of higher education.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:東北財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號】:G649.2
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