本文選題：大學(xué)畢業(yè)生 + 就業(yè)　； 參考：《山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國每年擁有龐大的畢業(yè)生數(shù)量，幫助及解決大學(xué)生就業(yè)難是一直以來社會(huì)各界以及政府尤為關(guān)注的重大民生問題。造成就業(yè)形勢(shì)嚴(yán)峻的原因方方面面，其中因就業(yè)歧視導(dǎo)致的就業(yè)難現(xiàn)象在近幾年較為普遍。消除就業(yè)歧視，建立一個(gè)公平有序的就業(yè)環(huán)境是實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)和平穩(wěn)定、和諧發(fā)展的必要條件。就業(yè)歧視主要包括性別歧視、戶籍歧視、學(xué)歷歧視、經(jīng)驗(yàn)歧視等等。通過調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，在眾多歧視中經(jīng)驗(yàn)歧視已成為當(dāng)前許多大學(xué)生就業(yè)的主要瓶頸。如果說其他就業(yè)歧視的對(duì)象大都只是針對(duì)少部分大學(xué)生，那么經(jīng)驗(yàn)歧視則幾乎涉及所有剛踏出校門、尚無工作經(jīng)歷的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生群體。 大學(xué)生就業(yè)過程中所遭遇的經(jīng)驗(yàn)歧視有其特殊性。其他類型的就業(yè)歧視，如性別歧視、戶籍歧視，如果用人單位基于這類因素拒絕求職者，那么這種行為是否構(gòu)成歧視是比較容易界定的，因?yàn)樾詣e、戶籍等因素與個(gè)人工作能力或工作崗位無關(guān)。而用人單位在招聘中對(duì)求職者提出工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)要求，卻可能是實(shí)缺崗位對(duì)任職者資格條件的合理要求，因而，經(jīng)驗(yàn)歧視問題更加復(fù)雜。一方面企業(yè)需要有經(jīng)驗(yàn)、能盡快為其創(chuàng)造價(jià)值的員工，而另一方面，大學(xué)生初出茅廬，大多又沒有工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，這便造成了雙方用人難、就業(yè)難并存的尷尬局面。因此對(duì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)歧視的深入研究就就顯得尤為重要。 本文擬通過調(diào)查各類企業(yè)在招聘活動(dòng)中提出的經(jīng)驗(yàn)要求，分析其合理性，，避免企業(yè)被過分的追究社會(huì)責(zé)任，損害企業(yè)利益。同時(shí)，通過對(duì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)歧視現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)分析，使政府能夠加強(qiáng)宏觀調(diào)控作用，完善相關(guān)的法律法規(guī)；使企業(yè)樹立科學(xué)合理的用人觀，加強(qiáng)社會(huì)責(zé)任感；也希望大學(xué)生能夠擺正心態(tài)，正視自身的不足，通過努力不斷的完善和提高自我。 基于此，本文從定性和定量?jī)蓚�(gè)方面對(duì)該問題進(jìn)行研究。首先，對(duì)就業(yè)歧視的現(xiàn)狀、經(jīng)驗(yàn)歧視的概念以及它的消極影響和積極作用進(jìn)行闡述，從兩個(gè)不同的角度對(duì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)歧視進(jìn)行認(rèn)識(shí)。其次，運(yùn)用貝克爾偏好歧視理論，對(duì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)歧視現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析，發(fā)掘和解釋其內(nèi)在原因，并得出無經(jīng)驗(yàn)大學(xué)生自然附著成本的存在是造成企業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)歧視的根本原因。然后，通過對(duì)論文提出的基本假設(shè)，即認(rèn)為經(jīng)驗(yàn)歧視具有其合理性，進(jìn)行了實(shí)證分析。分別對(duì)企業(yè)和大學(xué)生發(fā)放了調(diào)查問卷，根據(jù)問卷設(shè)定不同的指標(biāo)，定量研究了有無工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)大學(xué)生就業(yè)產(chǎn)生的影響。企業(yè)指出無經(jīng)驗(yàn)大學(xué)生在諸多方面都存在較明顯弱勢(shì)，這是導(dǎo)致其更愿意使用經(jīng)驗(yàn)員工的主要原因，進(jìn)一步說明了企業(yè)提出經(jīng)驗(yàn)要求的合理性。最后，在此基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)政府、企業(yè)、高等院校以及大學(xué)生自身提出了全面的、有針對(duì)性的對(duì)策及建議，充分發(fā)揮和調(diào)動(dòng)各個(gè)方面的積極作用，從而盡可能的緩解勞資關(guān)系和大學(xué)生的就業(yè)壓力。
[Abstract]:Our country has a large number of graduates every year, helping and solving the employment difficulties of college students has been a major livelihood issue that the society and the government have been paying special attention to.There are many reasons for the severe employment situation, among which employment discrimination is common in recent years.Eliminating employment discrimination and establishing a fair and orderly employment environment are the necessary conditions to realize social peace and stability and harmonious development.Employment discrimination mainly includes sex discrimination, household registration discrimination, education discrimination, experience discrimination and so on.Through investigation, it is found that experience discrimination has become the main bottleneck of employment of many college students.If most of the other forms of employment discrimination are directed at a small number of college students, then empirical discrimination involves almost all college graduates who have just stepped out of school and have no work experience.The experience discrimination encountered by college students in the process of employment has its particularity.Other types of discrimination in employment, such as sex discrimination, household registration discrimination, and if employers reject job seekers on the basis of such factors, it is easier to define whether such behaviour constitutes discrimination because of gender,Household registration and other factors have nothing to do with personal working ability or post.However, it may be a reasonable requirement for the job holder qualification to put forward the job experience requirement of the employer in the recruitment process, thus, the problem of experience discrimination is more complicated.On the one hand, enterprises need employees who have experience and can create value for them as soon as possible. On the other hand, college students are newly born, most of them have no work experience, which makes it difficult for both sides to employ and obtain employment.Therefore, the in-depth study of empirical discrimination is particularly important.This paper aims to analyze the rationality of various kinds of enterprises by investigating their experience requirements in recruiting activities, so as to avoid the enterprises being excessively investigated for social responsibility and harm the interests of enterprises.At the same time, through the systematic analysis of the phenomenon of empirical discrimination, the government can strengthen the role of macro-control, improve the relevant laws and regulations, make enterprises establish a scientific and reasonable concept of employment, strengthen the sense of social responsibility;I also hope that college students can correct their mentality, face up to their own shortcomings, and improve themselves through continuous efforts.Based on this, this paper studies this problem from two aspects: qualitative and quantitative.First of all, the present situation of employment discrimination, the concept of empirical discrimination and its negative impact and positive role are expounded, and the empirical discrimination is understood from two different angles.Secondly, by using Becker's preference discrimination theory, this paper analyzes the phenomenon of empirical discrimination in economics, explores and explains its internal reasons, and concludes that the existence of natural attachment cost of inexperienced college students is the fundamental cause of enterprise empirical discrimination.Then, through the basic hypothesis that empirical discrimination has its rationality, empirical analysis is carried out.A questionnaire was sent out to enterprises and college students respectively. According to the different indexes set by the questionnaire, the influence of working experience on the employment of college students was studied quantitatively.The enterprise points out that the inexperienced college students have obvious weakness in many aspects, which is the main reason why they are more willing to use experienced employees, which further explains the reasonableness of the experience requirement put forward by the enterprise.Finally, on this basis, the government, enterprises, colleges and universities as well as college students themselves put forward comprehensive, targeted countermeasures and suggestions, to give full play to and mobilize the positive role of all aspects,Thus as far as possible to ease the labor relations and college students employment pressure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：G647.38

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