本文關(guān)鍵詞： 研究生教育 學(xué)制 培養(yǎng)方式　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：改革開放以來,我國研究生教育基本實(shí)現(xiàn)了立足國內(nèi)自主培養(yǎng)高層次人才的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo),基本建成了學(xué)科門類比較齊全、培養(yǎng)類型多樣的研究生教育體系,從規(guī)模上進(jìn)入了研究生教育大國前列,為現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)提供了堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人才保障,國際影響力不斷增強(qiáng)。但從總體上看,研究生教育的質(zhì)量還不能適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展和人民群眾接受高層次教育的需求,比較突出地表現(xiàn)在研究生培養(yǎng)的特色不鮮明,規(guī)模結(jié)構(gòu)不合理,研究生創(chuàng)新和實(shí)踐的能力不強(qiáng),資金投入和政策保障不到位等。 作為國民教育的頂端,研究生教育是高等教育的重要組成部分,是科技第-生產(chǎn)力和人才第一資源的重要結(jié)合點(diǎn),是高層次創(chuàng)新人才的主要來源,是提高綜合國力與國際競爭力的有力支撐。提高研究生教育質(zhì)量,關(guān)系到人才‘強(qiáng)國和科教興國戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施。 教育部2012年3月下發(fā)的《關(guān)于深入推進(jìn)研究生培養(yǎng)機(jī)制改革,進(jìn)一步提高研究生教育質(zhì)量的意見(征求意見稿)》中提到,深化研究生培養(yǎng)機(jī)制改革,必須適應(yīng)建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國家、人力資源強(qiáng)國戰(zhàn)略和全面建設(shè)小康社會的需求,堅(jiān)持提高質(zhì)量為核心,符合并體現(xiàn)研究生教育的特點(diǎn)與規(guī)律,從研究生教育的基本活動入手,突出高水平科學(xué)研究對人才培養(yǎng)的支撐作用,充分激發(fā)導(dǎo)師和研究生的創(chuàng)新活力,以“完善制度、提高質(zhì)量、科教結(jié)合、支撐創(chuàng)新、適應(yīng)需求、引領(lǐng)未來”為基本原則,加快建設(shè)“中國特色、世界一流、結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化、布局合理”的現(xiàn)代研究生教育體系。 學(xué)制作為學(xué)校教育制度的基本要素之一,對教育起著規(guī)范和制約作用,它以一定的學(xué)習(xí)年限為架構(gòu),對不同類型學(xué)校教育的培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)、內(nèi)容、規(guī)格、基本要求、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等,做出完整或局部的規(guī)定,是回應(yīng)現(xiàn)實(shí)社會對人才需求的最直接的制度規(guī)范之一。學(xué)制不僅在微觀層面直接適應(yīng)并影響學(xué)生個體的身心發(fā)展需求,而且在宏觀層面保障社會對各級各類人才的需求及相應(yīng)的人才質(zhì)量。 新中國建國以來,特別是改革開放以來,我國的社會、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)不斷發(fā)展變化,為滿足國家建設(shè)對不同領(lǐng)域不同類型高層次人才的需要,我國研究生的規(guī)格和類型日趨多樣化。隨之,我國研究生培養(yǎng)的學(xué)制也呈現(xiàn)紛繁多樣乃至復(fù)雜糾結(jié)的現(xiàn)象。如何認(rèn)識和進(jìn)一步理順研究生培養(yǎng)的現(xiàn)有學(xué)制,已經(jīng)成為完善我國研究生培養(yǎng)制度所面對的一個急迫問題。 本研究通過梳理建國以來關(guān)于研究生教育的相關(guān)政策文件,以學(xué)制為出發(fā)點(diǎn),審視我國研究生教育的發(fā)展歷程,對學(xué)術(shù)性碩博士生學(xué)制,專業(yè)學(xué)位學(xué)制,醫(yī)學(xué)教育學(xué)制的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r及其存在的矛盾和問題進(jìn)行了討論,并提出改革建議。 本論文認(rèn)為,學(xué)術(shù)型碩士培養(yǎng)學(xué)制過長,培養(yǎng)質(zhì)量不高,造成資源浪費(fèi)；學(xué)術(shù)型博士生培養(yǎng)中,“提前攻博”“碩博連讀”等培養(yǎng)方式面臨學(xué)制銜接的矛盾；隨著專業(yè)學(xué)位碩士研究生培養(yǎng)的不斷增加,我國研究生學(xué)制整體上缺乏不同類型學(xué)位及其學(xué)制相互過渡、銜接的制度性安排；另外,醫(yī)學(xué)教育學(xué)制多種類型學(xué)制并存,人才培養(yǎng)規(guī)格的混亂,不利于醫(yī)學(xué)研究生教育的健康發(fā)展。 針對目前學(xué)制中存在的矛盾,提出幾點(diǎn)建議：根據(jù)不同的專業(yè)和學(xué)科特點(diǎn),從實(shí)際出發(fā)適當(dāng)縮短學(xué)術(shù)型碩士培養(yǎng)的學(xué)制；在基礎(chǔ)性強(qiáng),理論要求高的學(xué)科,學(xué)術(shù)型博士的培養(yǎng)采取五年(或四年)一貫制的直博生培養(yǎng)模式,淡化乃至取消碩博連讀培養(yǎng)模式；遵循醫(yī)學(xué)人才培養(yǎng)的規(guī)律,根據(jù)我國社會發(fā)展的實(shí)際變化和需要,認(rèn)真梳理現(xiàn)有的高等醫(yī)學(xué)教育學(xué)制；采取更加靈活的方式,有針對性的打通不同類型和層次研究生學(xué)制的銜接。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's postgraduate education the basic realization of the strategic objectives based on the domestic independent high-level talents, basically built disciplines relatively complete, cultivation of various types of education system, from the scale of graduate education in the country entered the forefront, providing a strong talent guarantee for modernization, and constantly enhance the international influence. But generally speaking, the quality of graduate education can not adapt to the economic and social development and people's needs to receive a high level of education, more prominently in the cultivation of Postgraduates non distinctive features, scale structure is not reasonable, the ability of innovation and practice of graduate students is not strong, capital investment and policy support is not in place.
At the top of the national education, postgraduate education is an important part of higher education, is an important point of the first productivity and technology talents as the first resource, is the main source of innovative talents of high level, is a powerful support to improve the comprehensive national strength and international competitiveness. To improve the quality of graduate education, related to the implementation of talents' power and the strategy of rejuvenating the country.
The Ministry of education in 2012 3 issued "on deepening the reform of postgraduate training mechanism, to further improve the quality of postgraduate education opinions (Draft)" is mentioned, to deepen the reform of postgraduate training mechanism, must adapt to the construction of an innovative country, strategic human resources and the comprehensive construction well-off society needs, adhere to and improve the quality the core, in accord with rules and characteristics of graduate education, starting from the basic activities of graduate education, support the role of high level scientific research focus on personnel training, to fully stimulate innovation vitality of tutors and graduate students, to improve the system, improve the quality of science and education, support innovation, adapt to the demand, leading the future "as the basic principle, accelerate the construction of" China characteristics, world class, structural optimization, rational layout of the modern graduate education system.
System as one of the basic elements of school education system, restrict the role of education, it is a certain period of study for architecture, training objectives, different types of school education, the basic requirements, specifications, standards, make a complete or partial response is one of the provisions of the real needs of society for talents most the system not only direct regulations. At the micro level directly affect the students and adapt to the individual's physical and mental development, and at the macro level of social security at all levels needs all kinds of talents and the quality of talents.
The new China since the founding of new China, especially since the reform and opening up, China's social and political change, continuous economic development, in order to meet the needs of national construction in different areas of different types of high level talents, our country of sizes and types of diversification. Therefore, Chinese graduate training system also presents the diverse and complex tangle phenomenon. How to understand and further improve the existing system of graduate education, have become the focus of research in China is an urgent problem faced by the system of student training.
This study has combed through the founding on graduate education related policy documents, the school system as a starting point, to examine the development process of China's postgraduate education, the academic system of graduate students, master's degree, professional, contradiction and development situation and problems of medical education system are discussed, and puts forward the reform proposal.
This paper believes that the long schooling academic master training, training quality is not high, resulting in a waste of resources; academic doctoral training in "pre doctoral program" Shuoboliandu "training system facing cohesion contradiction; with the increase of training graduate students, graduate students in China lack of overall system different types of degrees and programs of mutual transition, institutional arrangement of convergence; in addition, the coexistence of various types of medical education system, personnel training specification confusion, is not conducive to the healthy development of postgraduate education.
To solve the contradiction existing in the educational system, and puts forward several suggestions: according to the characteristics of different professions and disciplines, from a practical point of view, appropriate to shorten the academic master training system; on the basis of the theory of strong, demanding discipline, academic training, take five years (or four years) has always been the Zhibo students training mode desalination, or even cancel Shuoboliandu medical training mode; follow the law of talent cultivation, and change according to the actual needs of China's social development, carefully combing existing higher medical education; adopt a more flexible way to open up the connection of different types and levels of the graduate system.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G643

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