本文選題：《學記》　切入點：教學目的　出處：《湖南師范大學》2007年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 《學記》是對我國先秦時期儒家教育教學經(jīng)驗的理論總結(jié)與概括。其教學論思想不僅對我國封建社會的教育教學產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響,而且對當代的教育教學理論的建設(shè)與教育教學改革具有非�，F(xiàn)實的借鑒價值。本文從教學目的論、教學本質(zhì)論、教學規(guī)律論、教學藝術(shù)論以及教學理想境界的追求等方面對《學記》教學哲學思想進行了深入的發(fā)掘與論述。從教學目的論方面來看,《學記》提出了“建國君民”的社會建構(gòu)目的與“化民成俗”的個體建構(gòu)目的相統(tǒng)一的思想。一方面,“建國君民”的實質(zhì)內(nèi)涵在于教學的目的要實現(xiàn)社會建構(gòu)。另一方面,“化民成俗”的實質(zhì)內(nèi)涵在于通過教學使個體文化化,從而實現(xiàn)個體建構(gòu)。社會建構(gòu)要以個體建構(gòu)為基礎(chǔ)。通過教學建構(gòu)的個體應(yīng)具備德性修養(yǎng)、智慧品格和藝術(shù)化的人生;這一目的的實現(xiàn)又要以個體的學習為前提,“學道”成為個體自我完善的必經(jīng)之途。本文認為,在教學的價值取向上,《學記》既非社會本位論,亦非個人本位論,而是強調(diào)個體目的與社會目的的有機統(tǒng)一。 在教學本質(zhì)觀上,《學記》反對注入式,提倡啟發(fā)式;主張教與學并重,提倡師與生互動;認為教學的過程是教學主體溝通、對話與互動的過程。本文認為,《學記》從人的能動性的角度強調(diào)了教學的主體性本質(zhì),確立了人的主體性在教學過程中的能動作用,揭示了教學過程中教師主導(dǎo)作用和學生能動性的辨證關(guān)系。 教學規(guī)律方面,《學記》總結(jié)概括了教學成功與失敗的原因,提出了教學之“興”與“廢”的規(guī)律問題,認為只有做到“豫”、“時”、“孫”、“摩”,教學才能取得成功,否則就會失敗;本文對其思想淵源與歷史影響及其當代價值進行分析的基礎(chǔ)上,進一步從心理學、哲學、社會學、教育學等角度論證了其思想的理論合理性與當代價值。 教學藝術(shù)方面,《學記》提出了“善教”與“善學”的教學藝術(shù)思想。教師方面,要講究“喻”之啟發(fā)誘導(dǎo)、“言”之簡明扼要、“繼其志”之身教,以及“善問”與“善待問”的問題教學藝術(shù);學生方面,掌握“摩”、“時”、“聽”、“樂”等學習的方法與藝術(shù)。本文在分析其思想的基礎(chǔ)上,論述了其思想對于我國當代教學改革的現(xiàn)實意義。 《學記》認為和諧是教學要追求的理想境界。和諧的教學要做到教與學的和諧共生、師與生的和諧共處、生與生的和諧共進,最后實現(xiàn)個體與社會的和諧發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The book of learning is a theoretical summary and summary of the Confucian educational and teaching experience in the pre-Qin period. Its teaching theory not only has a profound influence on the education and teaching of the feudal society in China, but also has a profound impact on the education and teaching of the feudal society in China. Moreover, it has very practical reference value for the construction of contemporary educational and teaching theory and the reform of education and teaching. This article is based on the theory of teaching purpose, the theory of teaching essence and the theory of teaching law. The teaching art theory and the pursuit of the ideal state of teaching have deeply explored and discussed the philosophy of teaching. From the point of view of the theory of teaching purpose, the book of learning puts forward the social construction of "the King and the people of Jianguo". On the one hand, the essential connotation of "the founding of the people" lies in the purpose of teaching to realize the social construction. On the other hand, the essential connotation of "transforming the people into vulgarity" lies in the communication. After teaching makes individual culture, In order to realize the individual construction, the social construction should be based on the individual construction. The individual constructed through the teaching should have the virtue accomplishment, the wisdom character and the artistic life; The realization of this goal must be based on the individual learning, and the "learning way" has become a necessary way for the individual to improve himself. This paper holds that, in terms of the value orientation of teaching, "Learning Records" is neither a social-standard theory nor an individual-oriented theory. It emphasizes the organic unity of individual purpose and social purpose. In the view of teaching essence, "Learning Notes" opposes injection, advocates heuristics, advocates equal emphasis on teaching and learning, advocates interaction between teachers and students, and thinks that the process of teaching is the communication of teaching subjects. This paper holds that the essence of subjectivity in teaching is emphasized from the point of view of human initiative, and the active role of subjectivity in teaching is established. It reveals the dialectical relationship between teachers' leading role and students' initiative. In terms of teaching law, "Learning Records" summarizes the reasons for teaching success and failure, and puts forward the law of "prosperity" and "abandonment" of teaching. It is believed that only when "Yu", "Shi", "Sun" and "Mo" can the teaching succeed, otherwise it will fail. Based on the analysis of its ideological origin, historical influence and its contemporary value, this paper further demonstrates its theoretical rationality and contemporary value from the perspectives of psychology, philosophy, sociology and pedagogy. In terms of teaching art, Xue Ji puts forward the teaching art thoughts of "good teaching" and "good learning". Teachers should pay attention to the inspiration and guidance of "metaphor", the brevity of "speech", and the teaching of "aspiration". As well as the teaching art of "good asking" and "being kind to ask", and students' mastering the methods and art of learning "Mo", "Shi", "listening", "music" and so on. This paper discusses the practical significance of its thought to the contemporary teaching reform in our country. "Learning Records" holds that harmony is the ideal state that teaching should pursue. Harmonious teaching should achieve harmonious coexistence between teaching and learning, harmonious coexistence between teachers and students, harmonious development of life and life, and finally the harmonious development of individual and society.
【學位授予單位】：湖南師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：G420

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