本文選題：俄羅斯教育　切入點：俄羅斯學(xué)校教學(xué)改革　出處：《哈爾濱師范大學(xué)》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：1991年12月25日蘇聯(lián)宣告解體，開始了俄羅斯聯(lián)邦教育發(fā)展的歷史時期。1991年俄羅斯聯(lián)邦總統(tǒng)令《關(guān)于俄羅斯聯(lián)邦教育發(fā)展的首要措施》、1992年《教育法》的頒布，宣布了新時期俄羅斯教育改革的開始，此后20年來改革得到不斷發(fā)展。回顧這段歷史，了解俄羅斯聯(lián)邦政府有關(guān)教育和教學(xué)改革的政策、法規(guī)及其對教學(xué)改革實踐的推動作用，了解新時期教學(xué)理論研究和教學(xué)實踐改革的進(jìn)展及其成就和問題，是本論文的主題。 論文對20年來俄羅斯聯(lián)邦教學(xué)改革中的下述問題作了系統(tǒng)地考察：20年來俄羅斯聯(lián)邦政府的教學(xué)改革政策；20年來俄羅斯教學(xué)論研究的發(fā)展；20年來俄羅斯教學(xué)實驗研究發(fā)展；20年來俄羅斯教學(xué)模式設(shè)計、教學(xué)方法和手段研究；當(dāng)今俄羅斯學(xué)校教學(xué)改革現(xiàn)狀——成就和問題。上述研究是建立在大量的俄羅斯教育發(fā)展和教學(xué)改革歷史文獻(xiàn)、中國研究蘇聯(lián)和俄羅斯聯(lián)邦教育和教學(xué)文獻(xiàn)以及對俄羅斯不同地區(qū)學(xué)校教學(xué)改革的實地考察基礎(chǔ)之上的，并力求考察是系統(tǒng)、全面、客觀的，這是完成論文主題研究的基本原則。 論文認(rèn)為，20年來俄羅斯聯(lián)邦教學(xué)理論研究取得了重大進(jìn)展，這主要表現(xiàn)在繼承了俄羅斯教學(xué)論研究的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)，特別是繼承了蘇聯(lián)時期力求革新的教學(xué)論研究的寶貴遺產(chǎn)，并借鑒了世界各國的教學(xué)理論研究成果，深刻地闡述了現(xiàn)代人道主義教學(xué)觀和教學(xué)論方法論的多元化取向，對教學(xué)論研究的各個范疇進(jìn)行了新的探索，豐富了教學(xué)理論，并推動了教學(xué)論學(xué)科的發(fā)展。同時，俄羅斯聯(lián)邦的學(xué)校教學(xué)改革在聯(lián)邦政府政策引導(dǎo)下和新教學(xué)觀、新教學(xué)理論啟發(fā)下，開展得很廣泛，并在社會多元化思潮影響下，教學(xué)改革主張和實驗方案也呈現(xiàn)出多樣化的特點。傳統(tǒng)沒有被拋棄而且取得新的闡述；新思想、新主張被廣泛接受，并被付諸實驗。這使得現(xiàn)今俄羅斯聯(lián)邦學(xué)校教學(xué)實踐有了全新面貌。 論文也注意分析了阻礙改革發(fā)展的因素，，試圖告訴人們，改革沒有時間邊界，未來還需要勇于改革者去開拓。 最后論文希望能夠引起俄羅斯教學(xué)改革和研究領(lǐng)域的理論家、改革家和教學(xué)實踐者關(guān)注，對中國一些關(guān)注俄羅斯教學(xué)改革的研究者也能有所助益。
[Abstract]:The dissolution of the Soviet Union on December 25th 1991 began the historical period of the development of education in the Russian Federation. In 1991, the decree of the President of the Russian Federation "on the first measures for the Development of Education in the Russian Federation", the promulgation of the Education Act of 1992, Having declared the beginning of a new era of Russian educational reform, which has evolved continuously over the next 20 years. Recalling this period of history and understanding the policies, regulations and regulations of the Government of the Russian Federation concerning the reform of education and teaching and their contribution to the practice of teaching reform, It is the theme of this thesis to understand the progress, achievements and problems of teaching theory research and teaching practice reform in the new period. The paper systematically examines the following problems in the teaching reform of the Russian Federation in the past 20 years: the teaching reform policy of the Russian government in the past 20 years; the development of Russian teaching theory research in the past 20 years; and the Russian teaching experiment in the past 20 years. Research and development; 20 years of Russian teaching model design, Research on teaching methods and means; current situation of teaching reform in Russian schools-achievements and problems. The above research is based on a large number of historical documents on Russian educational development and teaching reform, China has studied the educational and teaching literature in the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation, as well as field visits to the teaching reform of schools in different regions of Russia, and has made every effort to investigate them systematically, comprehensively and objectively. This is the basic principle that completes the thesis theme research. The paper holds that great progress has been made in the research of teaching theory in the Russian Federation in the past 20 years, which is mainly manifested in the inheritance of the fine tradition of Russian teaching theory research, especially the precious heritage of the teaching theory research which sought to innovate during the Soviet period. Drawing lessons from the research results of teaching theory in the world, this paper deeply expounds the pluralistic orientation of modern humanitarianism teaching view and teaching theory methodology, and makes a new exploration of each category of teaching theory research, which enriches the teaching theory. At the same time, under the guidance of the policy of the federal government and the new teaching concept and the new teaching theory, the reform of school teaching in the Russian Federation has been carried out extensively under the influence of the trend of social pluralism. The teaching reform ideas and experimental programs also show a variety of characteristics. Tradition has not been abandoned and has gained new exposition; new ideas and new ideas have been widely accepted. This gives a new look to the teaching practice in schools in the Russian Federation today. The paper also analyzes the factors hindering the development of reform, trying to tell people that reform has no time boundary, and that the future needs to be explored by reformers. Finally, the paper hopes to attract the attention of theorists, reformers and teaching practitioners in the field of Russian teaching reform and research, and it will also be helpful to some Chinese researchers who pay attention to Russian teaching reform.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G420

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