先秦性別角色研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-02 11:54
【摘要】：在先秦這一中國歷史文明的開端時期,有許多文化和文明因素都經歷了從無到有、從小到大、從簡單到復雜、從萌生到成熟的過程。由此,先秦文化也就成為中國文化名副其實的“源頭活水”。性別角色作為人類文明進化的產物,作為區(qū)分人類社會男女兩性的基本模式,也在這一時期萌芽出現于中國的原始人群之中,并隨著夏商周的漫長時間推移,受惠于各種紛至沓來的文明因素的簇擁和觸動,日漸完善并趨于定型。這一過程,橫亙于整個先秦歷史的流程之中,留下了脈絡清晰的印記和軌跡。本文的目的,就是要循著性別角色在先秦時期印下的串串足跡,進行探頤索隱的史學研究,將其基本形態(tài)和前后變化的種種表現加以全方位、多角度的把握,深入理解其產生、發(fā)展、變化和定型、完善的因果,藉此來觀照中國傳統(tǒng)性別角色的歷史和現實存在,并為當今時代性別角色(或稱社會性別)理論的中國化提供一種可資利用的歷史資源或背景材料。 為了達此目的,本文所采用的仍然是前輩學者所慣用的借鑒和運用現代社會學理論來對中國古代歷史進行重新解讀和理解的基本方法。具體來說,就是在對當代社會學中性別角色(或稱社會性別)理論進行較為深入的理解和掌握的前提之下,將其引入到先秦歷史的研究中,從而成就本文的研究。在具體的研究過程中,還采用了從縱向的歷史時空剖析整個先秦歷史的方法。也就是說,本文雖系理論與實踐結合的產物,但歸根到底還是一篇史學論作,它要求從史學的角度來條分縷析,從時間的先后來還原和解釋歷史,從性別角色客觀發(fā)展的次序來呈現其脈絡。 全文共分為三大部分,即:導言、正文和結語。 導言主要是闡明本文的目的、研究的意義、研究的方法和基本的思路,明確本文所要解決的基本問題,回顧和綜述本課題既有的研究成果,歸結其研究的價值。為了便于對本文的把握,導言部分還不避煩瑣,簡要介紹了性別角色理論發(fā)展的基本狀況,界定了角色、性角色和性別角色等主要詞匯。 第一章曰先秦性別詞匯釋要。按照國學傳統(tǒng)的研究路數,本文首先進行了 “正名”的工作,選擇了在先秦歷史中有重要影響的“士女”、“男女”、“夫婦”、 “父母”等四對性別概念,加以簡要的疏解,以此明確性別稱謂在先秦時期的 存在方式和狀況,并以此為線索初步顯示性別角色在先秦時期的大概歷程。 第二章曰先秦性別角色形成的歷史軌跡。現代考古學的成果表明,早在新 石器時代,就已有了基本的男女之別。生殖崇拜的盛行,說明此時的男女角色 之別,應當是性角色的差異被渲染的結果;而大量新石器時期墓葬所呈現的男 女葬式、葬俗、隨葬品等方面的前后差異,則顯示了此時男女已經從性角色的 差異向性別角色的區(qū)分過渡。到新石器時代末期,性別角色模式已經出現。夏 商的歷史與傳說時代是緊密相聯的,而從駁雜紛繁的古史傳說中,我們可以看 到古人性別意識的逐步覺醒和對性別角色秩序的初步安排。夏代,男子除了固 定的父親、丈夫、兒子等家庭角色和農業(yè)、狩獵、戰(zhàn)爭等主要生產活動和軍事 活動的從業(yè)者角色之外,還兼?zhèn)渖鐣芾淼壬鐣巧?女子則以男子角色身后 的家庭作為展示風采的舞臺,從而以人妻、人母和人女的角色安身立命。商代, 男子延續(xù)了夏代以來男子的性別角色,只是在社會生活內涵不斷拓展的前提 下,其角色分布更加細致,角色面貌更加復雜;女子的性別角色,除了沿襲前 代的基本模式之外,一些貴族婦女還在家庭因素的鼓勵之下承擔了一些男子助 手甚至是男子代表的角色。西周春秋時期,則是性別角色確定的階段。當此之 時,男女的性別角色形態(tài)已經基本確定下來,那就是男子日益成為社會生活和 政治、軍事和勞動生活的獨占者,成為社會的主宰,性別中的強勢;女子則逐 步被逼仄到了家庭生活的狹小圈子中,其為男子助手或代表的角色被逐漸取 消,她也就日益成為日常生活的被動接受者和兩性性別中的弱勢。這就形成了 風靡社會各個角落的“男女有別”和“夫婦有別”禮節(jié)規(guī)則,并以之肯定和認 同這種性別角色差異。戰(zhàn)國時期,則是性別角色的鞏固和強化時期。此時,男 女性別角色基本形態(tài)中至為顯著的表現就是“士為知己者死”和“女為悅己者 容”。男性成為性別角色的中心,男子只考慮男性世界的事情即可,而女子卻 要為男子而生存生活。 第三章曰先秦諸子對“性別角色”問題的省思。性別角色理論雖然晚出, 但性別角色卻早在先秦時期就已完整呈現。先秦諸子生當春秋戰(zhàn)國的特定歷史 時期,親眼目睹并切身體驗了當時男女夫婦既有的社會角色,又以“橫議”這 種特有的“救世”方式各持己見,深入省思和探究人間男女的“性別角色”問 II
[Abstract]:In the beginning of the pre Qin period, many cultural and civilized factors have gone through the process from scratch, from small to large, from simple to complex, from germination to maturity. Thus, the pre Qin culture also became the "source of Chinese culture" as a product of the evolution of human civilization as a product of human civilization and as a distinction. The basic pattern of men and women in the human society, which sprout in this period, appeared in the primitive people of China, and with the long passage of time in the Xia Shang Zhou Dynasty, it benefited from the crowding and touching of all kinds of civilizations, which were gradually perfected and finalized. This process lies in the process of the whole pre Qin history, leaving the pulse. The purpose of this article is to follow the series of footprints of the sex role in the pre Qin period, to explore the historical research of the pre Qin period, to take the basic form and the various manifestations of the changes to a full, multi angle grasp, and to understand its production, development, change and pattern, and the perfect cause and effect. According to the history and reality of Chinese traditional sex role, it provides a valuable historical resource or background material for the modernization of the theory of gender role (or social gender) in the present era.
In order to achieve this purpose, this article is still used as the basic method used by the predecessors and scholars to learn and understand the ancient Chinese history by using the modern sociology theory. Specifically, it is the prerequisite for a more thorough understanding and mastery of the theory of gender role (or social gender) in Contemporary Sociology. In the course of specific research, we also adopted the method of analyzing the whole history of the pre-Qin period from the longitudinal historical time and space. That is to say, this article is a product of the combination of theory and practice, but in the final analysis, it is still a historical theory, which requires from the perspective of history. From the perspective of time, we can restore and explain history from time to time, presenting its context from the order of objective development of gender roles.
The full text is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion.
The introduction is mainly to clarify the purpose of this article, the significance of the study, the methods and basic ideas of the study, to clarify the basic problems to be solved in this article, review and summarize the research achievements of this subject, and to sum up the value of its research. In order to facilitate the grasp of this article, the introduction part is not to avoid tedious, and briefly introduces the development of the theory of gender role. The basic condition defines the key words such as roles, sexual roles and gender roles.
The first chapter concerns the interpretation of gender words in pre Qin Dynasty.
The work of "Renming" has chosen "ladies and gentlemen", "men and women" and "couples" which have great influence in the history of pre Qin Dynasty.
The four concepts of gender, such as "parents", are briefly clarifying, so as to clarify the gender appellation in the pre Qin period.
Existing ways and conditions, and taking this as a clue, initially show the general process of gender roles in the pre Qin period.
The second chapter refers to the historical track of the formation of gender roles in pre Qin period.
In the stone age, there are basically differences between men and women. The prevalence of reproductive worship shows the roles of men and women at this time.
The difference should be the result of the difference of sexual role, and the male presented by a large number of Neolithic tombs.
The difference between women's burial style, burial custom and funerary objects shows that men and women have already been sexed.
The transition from gender to gender role. To the end of the Neolithic age, the gender role model has emerged.
The history of merchants is closely related to the age of legends, and we can see from the numerous and complicated ancient history legends.
To the gradual awakening of the ancients' gender consciousness and the preliminary arrangement of gender role order.
Father, husband, son and other family roles and agriculture, hunting, war and other major production activities and military affairs.
Besides the role of the practitioner, they also have social roles such as social management.
The family as a stage to display the elegant demeanor, so as to settle down in the role of wife, mother and daughter.
Men continue the gender role of men since the Xia Dynasty, but only in the premise of expanding the connotation of social life.
The roles are more detailed and the roles are more complicated.
In addition to the basic model of the generation, some noble women also took some help from men under the encouragement of family factors.
The role of the hands and even the men's representatives is the period when the sex roles are established in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the spring and Autumn period.
The gender roles of men and women have been basically determined, that is, men are increasingly becoming social lives.
The monopolist of politics, military and labor life has become the master of society, and the strength of sex is the strength of women.
Stepping into the narrow circle of family life, it gradually took the role of male assistant or representative.
As a result, she has increasingly become the passive recipient of everyday life and the weakness of the sexes.
Affirmation and recognition of the etiquette rules of "men's and women's differences" and "separation of husband and wife" in every corner of the society.
In the Warring States period, it was a period of consolidation and strengthening of gender roles.
The most significant manifestation of women's role is the "death of a bosom friend" and "the woman who likes herself".
Men become the center of gender roles. Men only consider things in the male world, while women do.
Live for men.
The third chapter refers to the introspection of "gender roles" by the pre Qin philosophers.
However, the gender roles were fully presented in the pre Qin period.
During the period, we witnessed and experienced the social roles of male and female couples at the time.
The unique ways to save the world are different from each other, and go deep into thinking and exploring the gender roles of men and women.
II
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2005
【分類號】：K225
本文編號：2159345
[Abstract]:In the beginning of the pre Qin period, many cultural and civilized factors have gone through the process from scratch, from small to large, from simple to complex, from germination to maturity. Thus, the pre Qin culture also became the "source of Chinese culture" as a product of the evolution of human civilization as a product of human civilization and as a distinction. The basic pattern of men and women in the human society, which sprout in this period, appeared in the primitive people of China, and with the long passage of time in the Xia Shang Zhou Dynasty, it benefited from the crowding and touching of all kinds of civilizations, which were gradually perfected and finalized. This process lies in the process of the whole pre Qin history, leaving the pulse. The purpose of this article is to follow the series of footprints of the sex role in the pre Qin period, to explore the historical research of the pre Qin period, to take the basic form and the various manifestations of the changes to a full, multi angle grasp, and to understand its production, development, change and pattern, and the perfect cause and effect. According to the history and reality of Chinese traditional sex role, it provides a valuable historical resource or background material for the modernization of the theory of gender role (or social gender) in the present era.
In order to achieve this purpose, this article is still used as the basic method used by the predecessors and scholars to learn and understand the ancient Chinese history by using the modern sociology theory. Specifically, it is the prerequisite for a more thorough understanding and mastery of the theory of gender role (or social gender) in Contemporary Sociology. In the course of specific research, we also adopted the method of analyzing the whole history of the pre-Qin period from the longitudinal historical time and space. That is to say, this article is a product of the combination of theory and practice, but in the final analysis, it is still a historical theory, which requires from the perspective of history. From the perspective of time, we can restore and explain history from time to time, presenting its context from the order of objective development of gender roles.
The full text is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion.
The introduction is mainly to clarify the purpose of this article, the significance of the study, the methods and basic ideas of the study, to clarify the basic problems to be solved in this article, review and summarize the research achievements of this subject, and to sum up the value of its research. In order to facilitate the grasp of this article, the introduction part is not to avoid tedious, and briefly introduces the development of the theory of gender role. The basic condition defines the key words such as roles, sexual roles and gender roles.
The first chapter concerns the interpretation of gender words in pre Qin Dynasty.
The work of "Renming" has chosen "ladies and gentlemen", "men and women" and "couples" which have great influence in the history of pre Qin Dynasty.
The four concepts of gender, such as "parents", are briefly clarifying, so as to clarify the gender appellation in the pre Qin period.
Existing ways and conditions, and taking this as a clue, initially show the general process of gender roles in the pre Qin period.
The second chapter refers to the historical track of the formation of gender roles in pre Qin period.
In the stone age, there are basically differences between men and women. The prevalence of reproductive worship shows the roles of men and women at this time.
The difference should be the result of the difference of sexual role, and the male presented by a large number of Neolithic tombs.
The difference between women's burial style, burial custom and funerary objects shows that men and women have already been sexed.
The transition from gender to gender role. To the end of the Neolithic age, the gender role model has emerged.
The history of merchants is closely related to the age of legends, and we can see from the numerous and complicated ancient history legends.
To the gradual awakening of the ancients' gender consciousness and the preliminary arrangement of gender role order.
Father, husband, son and other family roles and agriculture, hunting, war and other major production activities and military affairs.
Besides the role of the practitioner, they also have social roles such as social management.
The family as a stage to display the elegant demeanor, so as to settle down in the role of wife, mother and daughter.
Men continue the gender role of men since the Xia Dynasty, but only in the premise of expanding the connotation of social life.
The roles are more detailed and the roles are more complicated.
In addition to the basic model of the generation, some noble women also took some help from men under the encouragement of family factors.
The role of the hands and even the men's representatives is the period when the sex roles are established in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the spring and Autumn period.
The gender roles of men and women have been basically determined, that is, men are increasingly becoming social lives.
The monopolist of politics, military and labor life has become the master of society, and the strength of sex is the strength of women.
Stepping into the narrow circle of family life, it gradually took the role of male assistant or representative.
As a result, she has increasingly become the passive recipient of everyday life and the weakness of the sexes.
Affirmation and recognition of the etiquette rules of "men's and women's differences" and "separation of husband and wife" in every corner of the society.
In the Warring States period, it was a period of consolidation and strengthening of gender roles.
The most significant manifestation of women's role is the "death of a bosom friend" and "the woman who likes herself".
Men become the center of gender roles. Men only consider things in the male world, while women do.
Live for men.
The third chapter refers to the introspection of "gender roles" by the pre Qin philosophers.
However, the gender roles were fully presented in the pre Qin period.
During the period, we witnessed and experienced the social roles of male and female couples at the time.
The unique ways to save the world are different from each other, and go deep into thinking and exploring the gender roles of men and women.
II
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2005
【分類號】：K225
【引證文獻】
相關期刊論文 前1條
1 丁桃源;;《論語》中的婦女觀[J];語文學刊;2011年17期
相關博士學位論文 前1條
1 王艷麗;先秦兩漢文學老嫗形象研究[D];東北師范大學;2008年
相關碩士學位論文 前7條
1 董云香;先秦節(jié)慶文化研究[D];遼寧師范大學;2010年
2 張野;先秦休閑文化研究[D];遼寧師范大學;2010年
3 高暢;先秦兩漢婦女的經濟、政治、宗教行為對構建女性文學形象的影響[D];南京師范大學;2011年
4 孫芳輝;出其東門，有女如云[D];遼寧師范大學;2006年
5 魏麗蕊;先秦秦漢齊魯女性研究[D];山東師范大學;2007年
6 李華;先秦諸子生死觀研究[D];遼寧師范大學;2007年
7 周功;從野人到君子[D];遼寧師范大學;2007年
，本文編號：2159345
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