教育公平理論視域下異地高考問題的探究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-04-28 08:05
【摘要】：轉(zhuǎn)型期的中國(guó),面臨著種種劇烈的變化,其中之一就是現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展所引起的人口流動(dòng)問題。隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅猛發(fā)展和城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程的加快,大量農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力進(jìn)城務(wù)工,大批適齡兒童也跟著父母由農(nóng)村流向城市,隨著時(shí)間的推移,他們的教育問題特別是高考問題逐漸成為社會(huì)的焦點(diǎn)。由于當(dāng)前高考制度實(shí)行的是“戶籍+學(xué)籍”的報(bào)名方式和“統(tǒng)一考試、分省命題”的模式,長(zhǎng)期在城市上學(xué)隨遷子女面臨著一個(gè)兩難境地,即既不能在流入地參加高考,又很難適應(yīng)戶籍地的高考。社會(huì)對(duì)于放開異地高考的呼聲也越來越大。必須明確的是,公平一直是人類的終極價(jià)值之一,而作為社會(huì)公平基石的教育公平,更是千百年來人們矢志不渝追求的理想。從孔子到陶行知,從柏拉圖到胡森,人們關(guān)于教育公平的探討從未停息。筆者在綜合了中外各位名家理論的基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建了自己的教育公平體系,并總結(jié)出教育公平的四大原則,即受教育權(quán)受保障原則、教育機(jī)會(huì)平等原則、程序公正和實(shí)質(zhì)公正相統(tǒng)一原則、補(bǔ)償原則。高等教育屬于準(zhǔn)公共物品,政府作為高等教育的主要提供者,無疑對(duì)高等教育領(lǐng)域的公平負(fù)有重要責(zé)任。從2008年開始,政府便已經(jīng)開始關(guān)注異地高考問題,經(jīng)過四年多的努力,終于在2012年開始了異地高考的破冰之旅。但是從目前各地落實(shí)異地高考的情況來看,外來人口較少的地區(qū)在實(shí)施異地高考政策時(shí)做得較好,而北上廣等外來人口眾多且教育資源較豐富的地區(qū),仍然未能做出實(shí)質(zhì)性的舉措。究其原因,北上廣等地區(qū)在推行異地高考政策時(shí)遇到了種種困境,諸如異地高考準(zhǔn)入資格難以鑒定、本地人口和外來人口的利益博弈難以協(xié)調(diào)、城市承載力有限等。異地高考,早已不是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的教育問題,還牽涉到戶籍制度改革、教育資源分配、高考制度調(diào)整等方方面面。異地高考問題的合理解決,是一項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)性的工程,需要國(guó)家從教育公平的價(jià)值出發(fā),做好頂層設(shè)計(jì),從微觀、中觀、宏觀三個(gè)層級(jí)來穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)改革。從微觀層次來講,目前最急切的是要推進(jìn)大城市異地高考政策的放開,這需要中央和地方合力制定異地高考政策、需要科學(xué)設(shè)定異地高考準(zhǔn)入門檻、需要建立全國(guó)性的電子學(xué)籍管理制度；從中觀層次來說,改革目前不合理的高考制度勢(shì)在必行,包括需要科學(xué)分配招生指標(biāo)、重新建立新型考試模式等；從宏觀層次來講,沒有社會(huì)大環(huán)境的公平正義,就難以保證異地高考問題的徹底解決,均衡配置教育資源、配套改革戶籍制度、完善高等教育立法能夠有效地為教育公平的實(shí)現(xiàn)提供強(qiáng)大的支撐。本文寄希望于從教育公平的理想出發(fā),為廣大隨遷子女的教育平權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)提出自己的一些看法,也相信我們的國(guó)家會(huì)憑著“踏石有印,抓鐵留痕”的堅(jiān)毅力量去消除權(quán)利、機(jī)會(huì)、規(guī)則三個(gè)領(lǐng)域的公平正義的缺失,來捍衛(wèi)權(quán)利公平,維護(hù)機(jī)會(huì)公平,彰顯規(guī)則公平。
[Abstract]:During the transition period, China is faced with a variety of drastic changes, one of which is the problem of population mobility caused by the development of modernization. With the rapid development of China's economy and the acceleration of the urbanization process, a large number of rural labourers enter the city to work, and a large number of children of school age also follow their parents from the countryside to the city. With the passage of time, Their education problems, especially the college entrance examination, have gradually become the focus of the society. Because the current college entrance examination system is carrying out the registration mode of "household registration" and the mode of "unified examination, provincial proposition", the children who go to school in the city for a long time are faced with a dilemma, that is, they are neither able to take part in the entrance examination in the inflow place. It is also difficult to adapt to the registration of the college entrance examination. The call for the release of the college entrance examination in other places is becoming louder and louder. It must be clear that fairness has always been one of the ultimate values of human beings, and as the cornerstone of social equity, educational equity is the ideal that people have been pursuing unswervingly for thousands of years. From Confucius to Tao Xingzhi, from Plato to Hu Sen, people's discussion of educational equity has never stopped. On the basis of integrating the theories of famous Chinese and foreign scholars, the author constructs his own educational equity system, and sums up the four principles of educational equity, namely, the principle of ensuring the right to education and the principle of equal opportunity in education. The principle of unification of procedural justice and substantive justice, and the principle of compensation. Higher education belongs to quasi-public goods. As the main provider of higher education, the government undoubtedly bears an important responsibility for fairness in the field of higher education. Since 2008, the government has begun to pay attention to the problem of college entrance examination in different places. After more than four years of efforts, the government finally began the ice-breaking journey of the university entrance examination in 2012. However, from the current situation of the implementation of the college entrance examination in different places, areas with less foreign population have done a better job in implementing the policy of the college entrance examination in different places, while areas with a large number of foreign population and rich educational resources, such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, have done a better job. No substantive action has yet been taken. The reason is that there are many difficulties in the implementation of the college entrance examination policy in the north, Shanghai and Guangzhou, for example, it is difficult to identify the admission qualification of the college entrance examination in different places, the benefit game between the local population and the foreign population is difficult to coordinate, and the bearing capacity of the city is limited. The college entrance examination in different places is not a simple education problem, but also involves the reform of household registration system, the allocation of educational resources, the adjustment of college entrance examination system and so on. It is a systematic project to solve the problem of college entrance examination in different places. It is necessary for the state to do a good job in top-level design from the value of educational equity, and to steadily promote the reform from three levels: micro-level, medium-view level and macro-level. At the micro-level, at present, the most urgent task is to promote the liberalization of the policy of college entrance examination in large cities, which requires the central and local governments to work together to formulate the policy of college entrance examination in different places, and to scientifically set the entrance threshold of the college entrance examination in different It is necessary to establish a national electronic status management system; At the middle level, it is imperative to reform the current unreasonable college entrance examination system, including the need for scientific allocation of enrollment indicators, the re-establishment of a new type of examination mode and so on. At the macro level, without the fairness and justice of the social environment, it would be difficult to ensure a thorough solution to the problem of college entrance examination in other places, allocate educational resources in a balanced manner and reform the household registration system. The perfection of higher education legislation can effectively provide strong support for the realization of educational equity. This article hopes that starting from the ideal of educational equity, this article will put forward some of its own views for the educational affirmative movement of the vast number of displaced children, and also believe that our country will eliminate its rights and opportunities with the resolute strength of "stepping stones with imprints and scratching iron marks." The lack of fairness and justice in the three fields of rule to safeguard the right equity, safeguard the opportunity equity, and show the rule fairness.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：G632.474
本文編號(hào)：2467468
[Abstract]:During the transition period, China is faced with a variety of drastic changes, one of which is the problem of population mobility caused by the development of modernization. With the rapid development of China's economy and the acceleration of the urbanization process, a large number of rural labourers enter the city to work, and a large number of children of school age also follow their parents from the countryside to the city. With the passage of time, Their education problems, especially the college entrance examination, have gradually become the focus of the society. Because the current college entrance examination system is carrying out the registration mode of "household registration" and the mode of "unified examination, provincial proposition", the children who go to school in the city for a long time are faced with a dilemma, that is, they are neither able to take part in the entrance examination in the inflow place. It is also difficult to adapt to the registration of the college entrance examination. The call for the release of the college entrance examination in other places is becoming louder and louder. It must be clear that fairness has always been one of the ultimate values of human beings, and as the cornerstone of social equity, educational equity is the ideal that people have been pursuing unswervingly for thousands of years. From Confucius to Tao Xingzhi, from Plato to Hu Sen, people's discussion of educational equity has never stopped. On the basis of integrating the theories of famous Chinese and foreign scholars, the author constructs his own educational equity system, and sums up the four principles of educational equity, namely, the principle of ensuring the right to education and the principle of equal opportunity in education. The principle of unification of procedural justice and substantive justice, and the principle of compensation. Higher education belongs to quasi-public goods. As the main provider of higher education, the government undoubtedly bears an important responsibility for fairness in the field of higher education. Since 2008, the government has begun to pay attention to the problem of college entrance examination in different places. After more than four years of efforts, the government finally began the ice-breaking journey of the university entrance examination in 2012. However, from the current situation of the implementation of the college entrance examination in different places, areas with less foreign population have done a better job in implementing the policy of the college entrance examination in different places, while areas with a large number of foreign population and rich educational resources, such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, have done a better job. No substantive action has yet been taken. The reason is that there are many difficulties in the implementation of the college entrance examination policy in the north, Shanghai and Guangzhou, for example, it is difficult to identify the admission qualification of the college entrance examination in different places, the benefit game between the local population and the foreign population is difficult to coordinate, and the bearing capacity of the city is limited. The college entrance examination in different places is not a simple education problem, but also involves the reform of household registration system, the allocation of educational resources, the adjustment of college entrance examination system and so on. It is a systematic project to solve the problem of college entrance examination in different places. It is necessary for the state to do a good job in top-level design from the value of educational equity, and to steadily promote the reform from three levels: micro-level, medium-view level and macro-level. At the micro-level, at present, the most urgent task is to promote the liberalization of the policy of college entrance examination in large cities, which requires the central and local governments to work together to formulate the policy of college entrance examination in different places, and to scientifically set the entrance threshold of the college entrance examination in different It is necessary to establish a national electronic status management system; At the middle level, it is imperative to reform the current unreasonable college entrance examination system, including the need for scientific allocation of enrollment indicators, the re-establishment of a new type of examination mode and so on. At the macro level, without the fairness and justice of the social environment, it would be difficult to ensure a thorough solution to the problem of college entrance examination in other places, allocate educational resources in a balanced manner and reform the household registration system. The perfection of higher education legislation can effectively provide strong support for the realization of educational equity. This article hopes that starting from the ideal of educational equity, this article will put forward some of its own views for the educational affirmative movement of the vast number of displaced children, and also believe that our country will eliminate its rights and opportunities with the resolute strength of "stepping stones with imprints and scratching iron marks." The lack of fairness and justice in the three fields of rule to safeguard the right equity, safeguard the opportunity equity, and show the rule fairness.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：G632.474
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