【摘要】：化學是一門以實驗為基礎(chǔ)、實踐性、應(yīng)用性非常強的自然科學。學生在做實驗過程中學習化學基礎(chǔ)知識與技能,提高自身科學素養(yǎng)。隨著新課程改革的推進,化學實驗地位的提升,突顯出化學實驗教學的重要性。但是,在實際的化學實驗教學中由于多種因素的影響,目前普通中學化學實驗教學仍然存在一些問題。為了了解大連市某區(qū)普通中學化學實驗教學現(xiàn)狀,首先對國內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究資料進行梳理、汲取先進理論及實驗教學經(jīng)驗,再從“實驗教學的條件情況”、“實驗教學的實施情況”、“實驗教學的效果情況”、“實驗教學的評價情況”、“實驗教學的教師培訓情況”這五個維度進行問卷調(diào)查研究。通過調(diào)查研究,洞察并分析當前普通中學化學實驗教學的問題如下:1、開設(shè)化學實驗缺少保障機制:實驗課時得不到保障;專職實驗員崗位制度空白;實驗室使用率較低,缺乏監(jiān)管。2、化學實驗教學實施不理想:教師的認識與實際教學相矛盾;實驗內(nèi)容不豐富、缺乏趣味性;實驗開設(shè)率達不到課標要求;教師的實驗創(chuàng)新能力較弱;缺少廢液、廢渣環(huán)保處理的舉措。3、化學實驗教學的效果不明顯。4、化學實驗教學評價的不完善:學�？己酥贫扰c素質(zhì)教育相矛盾;教師只重視評價結(jié)果;評價方式方法單一。5、化學實驗教學的教師培訓不完善:培訓內(nèi)容不是按需確定;培訓缺少評價考核制度。通過深入、細致的分析問題的成因,最終提出解決相關(guān)問題的建議如下:1、健全新課程化學實驗教學的保障制度:改革化學課程編制,保證充足化學實驗課時;設(shè)立初中化學實驗員崗位專職,加強實驗員隊伍建設(shè);制定化學實驗室監(jiān)管制度。2、保證化學實驗教學的有效實施:轉(zhuǎn)變化學教師的教學觀念,提高認識;開發(fā)校本課程,促進化學實驗教學內(nèi)容的改革;加大化學實驗室開放的力度;開展創(chuàng)新實驗教學設(shè)計、自創(chuàng)實驗教具的評比大賽;增強環(huán)保意識。3、充分利用實驗教學的課程資源提高教學有效性。4、完善化學實驗教學的評價機制:轉(zhuǎn)變實驗教學的評價觀念;建立教師評價監(jiān)管制度;選擇多元化評價方式;5、完善化學實驗教學的教師培訓:培訓內(nèi)容根據(jù)教師需求而確定;改變教師培訓考核評價制度。
[Abstract]:Chemistry is a natural science based on experiment, practical and applied. Students learn the basic knowledge and skills of chemistry in the process of experiment, and improve their own scientific literacy. With the advancement of the new curriculum reform and the promotion of the status of chemistry experiment, the importance of chemistry experiment teaching is highlighted. However, due to the influence of many factors, there are still some problems in chemistry experiment teaching in middle school. In order to understand the present situation of chemical experiment teaching in a district of Dalian, the related research materials at home and abroad are first combed, advanced theories and experimental teaching experiences are drawn, and then "conditions of experimental teaching" are introduced. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the five dimensions of "the implementation of experimental teaching", "the effect of experimental teaching", "the evaluation of experimental teaching" and "teacher training in experimental teaching". Through investigation and research, the problems of chemistry experiment teaching in general middle school are investigated and analyzed as follows: (1) there is no guarantee mechanism for setting up chemistry experiment: the experimental class is not guaranteed, the post system of full-time experimenter is blank, and the rate of laboratory utilization is low. Lack of supervision. 2. The implementation of chemistry experiment teaching is not ideal: teachers' understanding is contradictory with actual teaching; experiment content is not rich and interesting; experiment opening rate is not up to the requirements of curriculum standard; teachers' experimental innovation ability is weak; lack of waste liquid, The measures of environmental protection treatment of waste residue. 3. The effect of chemical experiment teaching is not obvious. The evaluation of chemical experiment teaching is not perfect: the school assessment system is contradictory with quality education, the teacher only pays attention to the evaluation result; The method of evaluation is simple. 5. The training of teachers in chemistry experiment teaching is not perfect: the training content is not determined according to need, and the training lacks evaluation and assessment system. Through in-depth and careful analysis of the causes of the problem, finally put forward the following suggestions to solve the related problems: 1, improve the new curriculum of chemical experiment teaching security system: reform the chemistry curriculum to ensure adequate chemical experimental hours; To set up the post of chemistry experimenter in junior middle school full-time, to strengthen the construction of the team of experimenters, to establish the supervision system of chemistry laboratory. 2. To ensure the effective implementation of chemistry experiment teaching: to change the teaching concept of chemistry teachers, to raise their understanding, to develop the school-based curriculum, To promote the reform of chemical experiment teaching content, to increase the opening of chemical laboratory, to carry out innovative experimental teaching design and to create a contest for evaluation of experimental teaching aids; Strengthen the consciousness of environmental protection, make full use of the curriculum resources of experimental teaching to improve the effectiveness of teaching .4, perfect the evaluation mechanism of chemical experimental teaching, change the evaluation concept of experimental teaching, establish the system of teacher evaluation and supervision; To perfect the teacher training of chemistry experiment teaching, the training content should be determined according to the teachers' needs, and the evaluation system of teachers' training should be changed.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G633.8

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