本文關(guān)鍵詞： 液氨制冷機(jī)房 微泄漏 數(shù)值模擬 抽風(fēng)機(jī)　出處：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在冷凍冷藏行業(yè)大多數(shù)的制冷企業(yè)的制冷系統(tǒng),目前采用的都是氨制冷。但在儲(chǔ)存和使用過程中氨易發(fā)生泄露,引發(fā)中毒甚至爆炸事故。經(jīng)過排查發(fā)現(xiàn),蘭陵縣涉氨制冷企業(yè)中有近五分之一的制冷機(jī)房存在不同程度的氨氣微泄漏情況,這對(duì)制冷工人的職業(yè)健康構(gòu)成威脅,泄露的氨氣一旦積聚可能引發(fā)爆炸,存在較大的安全隱患。良好的通風(fēng)能夠緩解泄漏后氨擴(kuò)散對(duì)整個(gè)機(jī)房的影響,有效的通風(fēng)可以降低泄漏的氨氣濃度,既保護(hù)了工人的職業(yè)健康,也能避免泄露的氨氣積聚,引發(fā)爆炸。本文針對(duì)典型液氨制冷機(jī)房,采用CFD數(shù)值模擬技術(shù),對(duì)其自然通風(fēng)和機(jī)械抽風(fēng)情況進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,對(duì)不同排風(fēng)方式下,廠房?jī)?nèi)部多個(gè)截面的氨氣濃度進(jìn)行分析。在排查的多個(gè)機(jī)房中本文選擇一個(gè)較典型的案例進(jìn)行排風(fēng)方案的改進(jìn)。本文從排風(fēng)口面積、排風(fēng)方式、抽風(fēng)機(jī)選型這三個(gè)方面提出三個(gè)改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)方案。第一個(gè)改進(jìn)方案是將制冷機(jī)房的門和所有窗戶打開,利用空氣對(duì)流的方法加速氨氣擴(kuò)散,降低氨氣濃度,得出廠房不同截面氨氣的濃度云圖。第二個(gè)改進(jìn)方案是在保持制冷機(jī)房的門和所有窗戶打開的情況下,在機(jī)房右側(cè)排風(fēng)口設(shè)置一臺(tái)規(guī)格為50cm*50cm*40cm,抽風(fēng)量為15000m3/h,功率0.4kw的抽風(fēng)機(jī),模擬后得出廠房?jī)?nèi)不同截面的氨氣濃度云圖。第三個(gè)改進(jìn)方案是在保持制冷機(jī)房的門和所有窗戶打開的情況下,在機(jī)房右側(cè)排風(fēng)口設(shè)置一臺(tái)規(guī)格為90cm*90cm*40cm,功率0.7kw,抽風(fēng)量為30000m3/h的抽風(fēng)機(jī),得出廠房不同截面氨氣的濃度云圖。分析的結(jié)果對(duì)廠房排風(fēng)方式和抽風(fēng)機(jī)的選擇提供了理論依據(jù),對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)排風(fēng)降低制冷機(jī)房氨氣濃度,在提高液氨制冷企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)安全性方面,有一定的理論指導(dǎo)和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:In the refrigeration system of most refrigeration enterprises in the refrigeration and refrigeration industry, ammonia refrigeration is used at present. However, ammonia is easy to leak in the process of storage and use, which leads to poisoning and even explosion accident. Nearly 1/5 of the refrigeration rooms in Lanling County have different degrees of micro-leakage of ammonia gas, which poses a threat to the occupational health of refrigeration workers. Once the leaked ammonia gas accumulates, it may trigger an explosion. Good ventilation can alleviate the effect of ammonia diffusion on the whole engine room after leakage, and effective ventilation can reduce the concentration of ammonia gas leakage, which can protect the occupational health of workers. It can also avoid the accumulation of leaking ammonia gas and cause explosion. In this paper, the natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation are numerically simulated by using CFD numerical simulation technology for typical liquid ammonia refrigeration machine room. The ammonia concentration of several sections in the factory building is analyzed under different exhaust air modes. A more typical case is selected to improve the ventilation scheme in many machine rooms investigated in this paper. The area of exhaust air outlet is analyzed in this paper. The first one is to open the door and all the windows of the refrigeration room and to speed up the ammonia diffusion by air convection. Reduce ammonia concentration, get different sections of ammonia concentration cloud diagram. The second improvement is to keep the refrigerating room doors and all windows open. At the outlet on the right side of the engine room, there is a draft machine with a specification of 50 cm / m ~ (50) cm ~ (-1) and a power of 0. 4 kW with a pumping capacity of 15 000 m ~ 3 / h and a power of 0. 4 kw. The third improvement scheme is to keep the door and all the windows of the refrigeration room open. At the outlet on the right side of the engine room, there is a draft machine with a specification of 90 cm, 90 cm, 40 cm, 0.7 kwk of power, and an output of 30000m3 / h. The results of the analysis provide a theoretical basis for the selection of the exhaust air mode and the extractor of the workshop and reduce the ammonia concentration in the refrigerating machine room by the exhaust air. In improving the production safety of liquid ammonia refrigeration enterprises, there are certain theoretical guidance and practical significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU834

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