【摘要】：隨著建筑功能的多元化和人員密度的不斷提升,建筑能耗占國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)總能耗的比例將達(dá)到30%左右,空調(diào)系統(tǒng)能耗則占到建筑物總能耗的50%以上,因此降低空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的能耗對(duì)提高全社會(huì)能源使用效率具有重要意義。當(dāng)前普遍使用的空調(diào)系統(tǒng)由于其自身結(jié)構(gòu)和在空氣處理方式上的缺陷,消耗了大量的電能并造成了較嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題,因此開(kāi)發(fā)節(jié)能環(huán)保的空調(diào)系統(tǒng)顯得越發(fā)緊迫和具有實(shí)際意義。本文提出了一種基于非常溫溶液除濕的熱泵驅(qū)動(dòng)自主再生復(fù)合型空調(diào)(HPLD-SR)系統(tǒng),采用理論與實(shí)驗(yàn)研究相結(jié)合的方法對(duì)溶液除濕與再生過(guò)程的傳熱傳質(zhì)特性,以及系統(tǒng)整體的性能進(jìn)行了深入分析。首先,完成了HPLD-SR系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)并搭建了其綜合性實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試平臺(tái)。HPLD-SR系統(tǒng)由溶液除濕／再生循環(huán)和熱泵循環(huán)耦合而成,應(yīng)用低溫低濃度的溶液處理空氣,使用冷凝熱作為再生熱源。系統(tǒng)中溶液循環(huán)的特點(diǎn)為采用除濕／再生自循環(huán)和級(jí)間交換循環(huán)的設(shè)計(jì)模式,實(shí)現(xiàn)了溶液濃度的梯級(jí)利用；熱泵循環(huán)的特點(diǎn)為冷凝熱由串聯(lián)連接的溶液冷凝器和空氣冷凝器共同處理,實(shí)現(xiàn)了冷凝熱的高效利用。其次,對(duì)低溫低濃度溶液除濕過(guò)程進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)和理論研究。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究分析了進(jìn)口空氣和溶液參數(shù)對(duì)該過(guò)程傳熱傳質(zhì)性能的影響,利用實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)總結(jié)出了描述該過(guò)程熱質(zhì)傳遞特性的經(jīng)驗(yàn)關(guān)聯(lián)式。理論研究的內(nèi)容包括：對(duì)描述空氣與溶液直接接觸過(guò)程的NTU-Le模型進(jìn)行了推導(dǎo)與修正；提出了一種計(jì)算除濕／再生過(guò)程耦合傳熱傳質(zhì)系數(shù)的新方法。再次,對(duì)冷凝熱利用溶液再生過(guò)程進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)和理論研究。通過(guò)變工況實(shí)驗(yàn)掌握了熱空氣／熱溶液這種再生方式的性能特點(diǎn),總結(jié)了該過(guò)程的傳熱傳質(zhì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)關(guān)聯(lián)式,為后續(xù)理論分析奠定了基礎(chǔ)。提出了冷凝熱再生利用率的概念,并指出了HPLD-SR系統(tǒng)的冷凝熱再生利用率范圍。從冷凝熱再生利用率、平均傳質(zhì)驅(qū)動(dòng)力、可及處理區(qū)域等方面對(duì)比了三種不同的冷凝熱利用再生模式,總結(jié)出了冷凝熱再生的熱量?jī)?yōu)化分配原則。另外,從溶液再生能級(jí)的角度分析了系統(tǒng)中除濕過(guò)程采用低濃度溶液的優(yōu)勢(shì)。最后,對(duì)HPLD-SR系統(tǒng)的整體性能和熱力學(xué)特性進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)和理論分析,并利用有效能分析方法對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,分析了自身可控制參數(shù)和環(huán)境參數(shù)對(duì)系統(tǒng)性能的影響,同時(shí)驗(yàn)證了機(jī)組的環(huán)境適應(yīng)性。建立了整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,為理論分析計(jì)算提供了條件。隨后采用理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的方式深入揭示了系統(tǒng)溶液濃度平衡和能量變化之間的匹配關(guān)系。通過(guò)與傳統(tǒng)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)和相關(guān)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的比較,明確了HPLD-SR機(jī)組的節(jié)能特性。在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一種溶液(?)計(jì)算的新方法,并建立了一套完整的系統(tǒng)有效能分析數(shù)學(xué)模型。隨后利用上述模型對(duì)空氣處理和溶液再生過(guò)程的流程,以及系統(tǒng)整體形式進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化分析,并對(duì)機(jī)組中主要設(shè)備的節(jié)能潛力進(jìn)行了探討。
[Abstract]:With the diversification of building functions and the increasing density of people, the building energy consumption will account for about 30% of the total energy consumption of the national economy, while the energy consumption of air conditioning system will account for more than 50% of the total energy consumption of buildings. Therefore, reducing the energy consumption of air conditioning system is of great significance to improve the energy efficiency of the whole society. The system consumes a lot of electric energy and causes serious environmental pollution because of its own structure and defects in air handling mode. Therefore, it is more urgent and practical to develop energy-saving and environmental protection air conditioning system. The heat and mass transfer characteristics and the overall performance of the HPLD-SR system were analyzed by combining theoretical and experimental methods. Firstly, the design of the HPLD-SR system was completed and a comprehensive experimental test platform was built. The HPLD-SR system consists of a solution dehumidification/regeneration cycle and a heat pump. The solution cycle is characterized by a design mode of dehumidification/regeneration self-circulation and inter-stage exchange cycle, which realizes the cascade utilization of the solution concentration; the heat pump cycle is characterized by the condensation heat of the solution connected in series. Secondly, the dehumidification process of low-temperature and low-concentration solution was studied experimentally and theoretically. The influence of inlet air and solution parameters on the heat and mass transfer performance of the process was analyzed through experimental study. The heat and mass transfer characteristics describing the process were summarized by using experimental data. The theoretical research includes: the NTU-Le model describing the direct contact process between air and solution is deduced and modified; a new method for calculating the coupled heat and mass transfer coefficients of dehumidification/regeneration process is proposed. Thirdly, the process of condensation heat using solution regeneration is experimentally and theoretically studied. The performance characteristics of the regeneration method of hot air/hot solution were mastered in the experiment, and the empirical correlations of heat and mass transfer in the process were summarized, which laid the foundation for the subsequent theoretical analysis. The concept of condensation heat regeneration utilization rate was proposed, and the utilization range of condensation heat in HPLD-SR system was pointed out. Three different regeneration modes of condensation heat utilization were compared in terms of mass driving force and treatment area, and the principle of optimum heat distribution of condensation heat regeneration was summarized. The performance of the system is analyzed by experiment and theoretical analysis, and the system is optimized by using the effective energy analysis method. The influence of the controllable parameters and environmental parameters on the performance of the system is analyzed by experiment. At the same time, the environmental adaptability of the unit is verified. The mathematical model of the whole system is established, which provides conditions for theoretical analysis and calculation. The matching relationship between solution concentration balance and energy change is revealed by combining theory with experiment. The energy saving characteristics of HPLD-SR unit are clarified by comparing with traditional air conditioning system and relevant national standards. The mathematical model of system effective energy analysis is used to optimize the process of air treatment and solution regeneration and the whole system form. The energy saving potential of the main equipment in the unit is also discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TB657.2
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本文編號(hào)：2180424