【摘要】：當(dāng)前世界國(guó)家公園和保護(hù)區(qū)運(yùn)動(dòng)普遍關(guān)注社區(qū)問題，管理理念從“消極式”和“排除式”轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橹匾暽鐓^(qū)價(jià)值與可持續(xù)發(fā)展。我國(guó)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)內(nèi)的社區(qū)也是影響風(fēng)景區(qū)保護(hù)與管理的重要因素。當(dāng)前風(fēng)景區(qū)規(guī)劃實(shí)踐對(duì)社區(qū)仍持有“一刀切”的“搬遷式”思維慣式，缺乏對(duì)風(fēng)景區(qū)社區(qū)和社區(qū)規(guī)劃的全面研究，造成風(fēng)景區(qū)社區(qū)潛在價(jià)值遺失、風(fēng)景區(qū)與社區(qū)矛盾激化等問題，影響風(fēng)景區(qū)整體價(jià)值的保護(hù)以及社區(qū)在保護(hù)前提下的合理存續(xù)與發(fā)展。 本研究以風(fēng)景區(qū)社區(qū)多重價(jià)值識(shí)別為導(dǎo)向，探討兼顧社區(qū)價(jià)值保護(hù)與社區(qū)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的社區(qū)規(guī)劃途徑。研究按照提出問題、認(rèn)識(shí)問題、分析問題、解決問題的思路可以大致分為四個(gè)部分。首先，論述國(guó)內(nèi)外研究背景，初步提出研究問題，綜述已有相關(guān)理論與文獻(xiàn)。隨后，全面考查風(fēng)景區(qū)社區(qū)的歷史與現(xiàn)狀。將社區(qū)置于更宏觀的國(guó)家社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)變遷背景下，分析推動(dòng)社區(qū)演變的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)力；現(xiàn)狀分析包括社區(qū)自身和社區(qū)規(guī)劃兩方面，前者從多個(gè)角度分析風(fēng)景區(qū)社區(qū)復(fù)雜現(xiàn)狀，后者通過(guò)考查若干風(fēng)景區(qū)的現(xiàn)行規(guī)劃文件分析社區(qū)規(guī)劃政策現(xiàn)狀。第三，從多重價(jià)值的視角審視風(fēng)景區(qū)社區(qū)和社區(qū)規(guī)劃政策。首先運(yùn)用效用價(jià)值理論構(gòu)建風(fēng)景區(qū)社區(qū)價(jià)值分析體系，并借此論述當(dāng)前社區(qū)規(guī)劃政策忽視社區(qū)價(jià)值的問題及后果，隨后通過(guò)資源配置和治理途徑分析發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)前社區(qū)政策缺乏實(shí)施有效性，繼而提出社區(qū)自組織的改善思路。最后，基于風(fēng)景區(qū)社區(qū)價(jià)值體系和自組織治理?xiàng)l件，，提出風(fēng)景區(qū)社區(qū)規(guī)劃在規(guī)劃目標(biāo)、規(guī)劃特點(diǎn)、主要規(guī)劃內(nèi)容、關(guān)鍵規(guī)劃環(huán)節(jié)等方面的優(yōu)化策略，并以九寨溝風(fēng)景區(qū)社區(qū)為例進(jìn)行了實(shí)踐檢驗(yàn)。 風(fēng)景區(qū)社區(qū)價(jià)值體系可分為社區(qū)作為價(jià)值客體的生活、游憩、經(jīng)濟(jì)、研究、選擇價(jià)值和作為價(jià)值主體的經(jīng)濟(jì)、精神、游憩、環(huán)境等不同要素，各要素之間、要素與風(fēng)景區(qū)價(jià)值之間存在密切聯(lián)系。社區(qū)價(jià)值評(píng)估要根據(jù)不同的價(jià)值類型分別確立評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)和具體方法，并對(duì)價(jià)值體系進(jìn)行整體分析。自組織治理作為已有的層級(jí)治理和市場(chǎng)治理途徑的補(bǔ)充，是風(fēng)景區(qū)社區(qū)治理的理想途徑。當(dāng)前風(fēng)景區(qū)社區(qū)尚未具備充分的自組織治理?xiàng)l件，而風(fēng)景區(qū)社區(qū)規(guī)劃通過(guò)增加軟性規(guī)劃內(nèi)容，運(yùn)用參與性和溝通性規(guī)劃手段等方式，促進(jìn)社區(qū)形成自組織治理的必要條件，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)社區(qū)價(jià)值體系的保護(hù)和社區(qū)合理存續(xù)。
[Abstract]:At present, the movement of national parks and protected areas in the world is generally concerned about community problems, and the concept of management has changed from "negative" and "exclusive" to attaching importance to community value and sustainable development. The community in scenic areas is also an important factor affecting the protection and management of scenic spots. The current practice of scenic area planning still holds a "one-size-fits-all" relocation "mode of thinking for the community, and the lack of comprehensive research on the community and community planning of the scenic area results in the loss of the potential value of the community in the scenic area. The contradiction between the scenic area and the community is intensified, which affects the protection of the whole value of the scenic spot and the reasonable existence and development of the community under the premise of protection. Based on the multi-value recognition of community in scenic area, this study discusses the ways of community planning which takes into account the protection of community value and the sustainable development of community. The research can be divided into four parts according to the ideas of raising problems, recognizing problems, analyzing problems and solving problems. Firstly, the research background at home and abroad is discussed, and the relevant theories and literatures are summarized. Subsequently, a comprehensive examination of the history and status of the scenic community. Put the community in the broader context of national social and economic changes, and analyze the main driving forces driving the evolution of the community; The present situation analysis includes two aspects: community itself and community planning. The former analyzes the complex situation of the scenic area community from many angles, the latter analyzes the status quo of community planning policy by examining the current planning documents of several scenic spots. Third, view the community and community planning policy from the view of multi-value. Firstly, the utility value theory is used to construct the community value analysis system of scenic spots, and then the problems and consequences of ignoring community value in current community planning policy are discussed. Then, through the analysis of resource allocation and governance approach, we find that the current community policy is lack of effective implementation, and then put forward the community self-organization to improve the thinking. Finally, based on the community value system and self-organizing governance conditions, the paper puts forward the optimization strategies in planning objectives, planning characteristics, main planning contents, key planning links, and so on. And take Jiuzhaigou scenic spot community as an example to carry on the practice test. The community value system of scenic spots can be divided into different elements, such as life, recreation, economy, research, selection of value and economy, spirit, recreation, environment and so on. There is a close relationship between the elements and the value of scenic spots. The evaluation index and concrete method should be established according to different value types, and the value system should be analyzed as a whole. Self-organization governance, as a supplement of existing hierarchical governance and market governance, is an ideal approach to community governance in scenic spots. At present, the community of scenic area has not had sufficient self-organization management condition, and the community planning of scenic area has promoted the necessary condition of self-organizing governance by increasing the content of soft planning, using participatory and communication planning methods, etc. Finally, the protection of community value system and the reasonable existence of community are realized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU984.12

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 羅細(xì)芳;劉強(qiáng);;退耕還林之生態(tài)林采伐問題分析與探討[J];華東森林經(jīng)理;2010年01期

2 尹華光;費(fèi)建杰;謝莎;;生態(tài)旅游視角下景區(qū)居民利益感知研究——以武陵源風(fēng)景區(qū)為例[J];湖南大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2011年05期

3 李強(qiáng);史玲玲;葉鵬飛;李卓蒙;;探索適合中國(guó)國(guó)情的社會(huì)影響評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系[J];河北學(xué)刊;2010年01期

4 李艷芳;美國(guó)的環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)公眾參與制度[J];環(huán)境保護(hù);2001年10期

5 朱世朋;劉暢;唐永順;陳影影;;綠色社區(qū)理論在泰山風(fēng)景區(qū)的應(yīng)用[J];環(huán)境與可持續(xù)發(fā)展;2010年05期

6 田喜洲;蒲勇健;;透視國(guó)家風(fēng)景區(qū)的門票價(jià)格問題[J];價(jià)格理論與實(shí)踐;2005年11期

7 陳偉東,李雪萍;社區(qū)自組織的要素與價(jià)值[J];江漢論壇;2004年03期

8 姚國(guó)榮;陸林;;基于利益相關(guān)者的居民利益要求實(shí)證研究——以安徽省九華山風(fēng)景區(qū)為例[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)地理;2010年07期

9 鄭易生;自然文化遺產(chǎn)的價(jià)值與利益[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)體制比較;2002年02期

10 龐淼;;后退耕還林時(shí)期農(nóng)戶占有產(chǎn)權(quán)的理論闡釋及林權(quán)改革的政策影響——以四川省為例[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革;2011年01期

本文編號(hào)：2412034