【摘要】：城市記憶是一個(gè)城市的靈魂，而建筑是城市記憶的主要載體之一，它既是城市功能的物化，又是城市文化傳播的窗口。城市的發(fā)展伴隨著新舊建筑的更新替代，這種更新替代的速度決定了建筑的壽命。改革開(kāi)放之后，我國(guó)的城市化進(jìn)程進(jìn)入了一個(gè)全新的高速發(fā)展時(shí)期，大量城市的建筑新老交替速度加快，相當(dāng)一部分建筑在遠(yuǎn)未達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)使用年限便被拆除了。我國(guó)《民用建筑設(shè)計(jì)通則》對(duì)建筑耐久年限有著明確規(guī)定：重要建筑和高層建筑主體結(jié)構(gòu)耐久年限為100年，一般建筑為50～100年，但現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中我國(guó)建筑壽命只有30年之長(zhǎng)，建筑短命成為全國(guó)各地城市化進(jìn)程中普遍存在的現(xiàn)象，這不僅對(duì)我國(guó)資源及能源造成了極大浪費(fèi)，，對(duì)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生很大負(fù)面影響，而且破壞了我國(guó)城市文化的延續(xù)性，與我國(guó)提倡的科學(xué)發(fā)展觀以及可持續(xù)發(fā)展的精神背道而馳。保護(hù)城市建筑以延長(zhǎng)建筑壽命，提升城市價(jià)值認(rèn)識(shí)，使城市文脈新舊延續(xù)，更能體現(xiàn)城市地方風(fēng)采特色，符合我國(guó)建設(shè)資源節(jié)約型、環(huán)境友好型社會(huì)的戰(zhàn)略部署。 本文的核心內(nèi)容主要包括以下四部分： 首先，本文介紹了我國(guó)建筑壽命相關(guān)概念并根據(jù)建筑的固有屬性得出建筑壽命的內(nèi)涵，包括建筑的功能壽命、經(jīng)濟(jì)壽命、物質(zhì)壽命以及人文壽命。結(jié)合具體案例對(duì)我國(guó)建筑壽命現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析，并運(yùn)用定性分析與定量分析相結(jié)合的方式對(duì)建筑短命現(xiàn)象造成的社會(huì)資源層面、城市經(jīng)濟(jì)層面以及文化層面的負(fù)面影響進(jìn)行了分析。 其次，基于建筑壽命內(nèi)涵對(duì)造成我國(guó)建筑短命現(xiàn)象的原因進(jìn)行剖析，歸納為功能性原因、經(jīng)濟(jì)性原因、政治性原因及建筑拆除評(píng)價(jià)體系的缺失等原因。 再次，針對(duì)我國(guó)建筑拆除評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系缺失的現(xiàn)狀，本文有針對(duì)性的建立了建筑拆除評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系�；诖嗽u(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系，可以判斷建筑性能狀態(tài)以及作為建筑拆除與否的合理依據(jù)，將建筑拆與建的定性問(wèn)題以定量的指標(biāo)作為決策基礎(chǔ)。 最后，結(jié)合建筑短命影響因素，根據(jù)延長(zhǎng)建筑壽命的可靠度、滿(mǎn)意度以及價(jià)值最大化的基準(zhǔn)，提出了延長(zhǎng)建筑壽命的功能性措施、經(jīng)濟(jì)性措施以及政治性措施以供參考建議。
[Abstract]:Urban memory is the soul of a city, and architecture is one of the main carriers of urban memory. It is not only the materialization of urban function, but also the window of the spread of urban culture. The development of city is accompanied by the replacement of old and new buildings, and the speed of replacement determines the life of buildings. After the reform and opening up, the urbanization process of our country has entered a new period of high speed development, a large number of urban buildings have been replaced by the old and the new, and a considerable number of buildings have been demolished before the design life is reached. The General principles of Civil Architectural Design in China clearly stipulate the durability of buildings: the durability of the main structure of important buildings and high-rise buildings is 100 years, and that of general buildings is 50 ~ 100 years, but the life span of Chinese buildings is only 30 years in real life. The short-lived construction has become a common phenomenon in the process of urbanization all over the country, which has not only caused a great waste of resources and energy in our country, but also had a great negative impact on social economy, and destroyed the continuity of urban culture in our country. It runs counter to the concept of scientific development and the spirit of sustainable development advocated by our country. To protect urban buildings in order to prolong the life of buildings, promote the understanding of urban value, make the old and new urban context continue, more can reflect the characteristics of urban local style, in line with our country to build a resource-saving, environment-friendly society strategic arrangements. The core content of this paper mainly includes the following four parts: firstly, this paper introduces the related concepts of building life in our country and obtains the connotation of building life according to the inherent property of building, including the functional life of building, economic life of building, and so on. Material life and human life. Combined with specific cases to analyze the current situation of building life in China, and use the combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis to the social resources level caused by the short-lived phenomenon of construction. The negative effects of urban economy and culture are analyzed. Secondly, based on the connotation of building life, this paper analyzes the causes of the short-life phenomenon of Chinese buildings, and concludes the causes as functional reasons, economic reasons, political reasons and the lack of evaluation system of building demolition and so on. Thirdly, aiming at the lack of evaluation index system of building demolition in our country, this paper establishes the evaluation index system of building demolition. Based on this evaluation index system, we can judge the performance state of building and take it as the reasonable basis for building demolition. The qualitative problem of building demolition and construction is based on quantitative index. Finally, according to the criteria of reliability, satisfaction and value maximization, the functional measures, economic measures and political measures for prolonging the life of buildings are put forward for reference.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU201

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