【摘要】：隨著住宅產(chǎn)業(yè)化的成熟和發(fā)展，居住環(huán)境的品質(zhì)越來(lái)越受到人們的重視，特別是戶外活動(dòng)空間的景觀特色很大程度上影響著人們戶外活動(dòng)的行為和環(huán)境感受。近年來(lái)，我國(guó)人口老齡化趨勢(shì)明顯，而老年人由于不受時(shí)間的制約，戶外活動(dòng)需求日益高漲。老年人受到自身的生理和心理因素影響，受到環(huán)境、距離、天氣和人與人之間關(guān)系等外界因素影響很大，而且同伴群體性活動(dòng)和社會(huì)性活動(dòng)越來(lái)越頻繁，因此有必要針對(duì)現(xiàn)有的居住區(qū)景觀環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行再思考，站在社會(huì)公益性福祉的角度，，提供能夠兼顧老年人社會(huì)性活動(dòng)的戶外公共活動(dòng)空間。 本文在相關(guān)研究的基礎(chǔ)上，以北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)望京地區(qū)的居住區(qū)為調(diào)查對(duì)象，著重研究中老年居民群體性、社會(huì)性活動(dòng)，分析使用狀況與景觀環(huán)境的關(guān)系、使用者評(píng)價(jià)和要求，從而得出相關(guān)建設(shè)性意見(jiàn)。 關(guān)注被忽視的活動(dòng)人群，為望京地區(qū)居住區(qū)環(huán)境空間的建設(shè)提出優(yōu)化措施，進(jìn)而總結(jié)出居住區(qū)戶外活動(dòng)空間兼顧老年人社會(huì)性活動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)方法，探索人居環(huán)境空間景觀優(yōu)化措施方案，并為其他同類項(xiàng)目提供借鑒。 數(shù)據(jù)分析采用使用后評(píng)價(jià)法。首先，分層次對(duì)相關(guān)指標(biāo)選取，編寫(xiě)問(wèn)卷分發(fā)。其次，在回收后使用AHP層次分析法求出相應(yīng)指標(biāo)的權(quán)重，然后設(shè)立評(píng)價(jià)分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，進(jìn)行模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)對(duì)問(wèn)卷回收的數(shù)據(jù)綜合評(píng)判，得出調(diào)查目標(biāo)居住區(qū)的戶外活動(dòng)空間景觀現(xiàn)狀的評(píng)價(jià)。 經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)調(diào)查目標(biāo)居住區(qū)活動(dòng)情況的定點(diǎn)觀察后得出的主觀觀察結(jié)果表明，7個(gè)居住區(qū)中的戶外活動(dòng)空間的景觀設(shè)計(jì)不同目標(biāo)存在不同情況，具有優(yōu)良級(jí)別上的差異性。 然后對(duì)回收的經(jīng)居民評(píng)分調(diào)查問(wèn)卷數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)計(jì)算，以AHP求權(quán)重然后進(jìn)行模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)的方法對(duì)各居住區(qū)進(jìn)行環(huán)境評(píng)級(jí)，以客觀計(jì)算的方法對(duì)由觀察探討得到的主觀結(jié)果和意向進(jìn)行印證。 結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，在探討得出的主觀結(jié)果和客觀計(jì)算得到的評(píng)價(jià)中存在著巨大差異，無(wú)論環(huán)境景觀的優(yōu)良好壞，在由活動(dòng)參與居民打分問(wèn)卷數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)得出的評(píng)級(jí)來(lái)看，其整體都并不是十分適合老年人社會(huì)性活動(dòng)的開(kāi)展。 經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)不同活動(dòng)場(chǎng)地的對(duì)比分析，其原因主要在于我們對(duì)于活動(dòng)空間場(chǎng)地其中承載的“活動(dòng)”的認(rèn)識(shí)缺失，現(xiàn)有的戶外活動(dòng)空間的功能設(shè)置在與當(dāng)前老年人社會(huì)性活動(dòng)的對(duì)應(yīng)上存在著一定的矛盾，造成居住區(qū)中的戶外活動(dòng)空間沒(méi)有被真正高效率使用。
[Abstract]:With the maturity and development of housing industrialization, people pay more and more attention to the quality of living environment, especially the landscape characteristics of outdoor activity space to a large extent affect people's outdoor activities behavior and environmental feelings. In recent years, the trend of aging population in China is obvious, but the demand for outdoor activities is rising day by day because the elderly are not restricted by time. The elderly are influenced by their own physical and psychological factors, by external factors such as environment, distance, weather and human relations, and more frequently by peer group activities and social activities. Therefore, it is necessary to reconsider the landscape environment design of existing residential areas, and to provide outdoor public activities space which can take account of the social activities of the elderly from the perspective of social welfare. On the basis of relevant research, this paper takes the residential area of Wangjing area, Chaoyang District, Beijing as the object of investigation, focusing on the study of the group and social activities of the middle-aged and elderly residents, the analysis of the relationship between the use status and the landscape environment, and the evaluation and requirements of the users. In order to obtain the relevant constructive comments. By paying close attention to the neglected people, the author puts forward the optimization measures for the construction of the environmental space of the residential area in Wangjing area, and sums up the design method of the outdoor activity space in the residential area taking into account the social activities of the elderly. To explore the residential environment spatial landscape optimization measures, and to provide reference for other similar projects. The method of post-use evaluation was used for data analysis. First of all, the selection of relevant indicators, the preparation of questionnaire distribution. Secondly, using AHP analytic hierarchy process to calculate the weight of the corresponding index after recovery, and then setting up the evaluation grading standard, and carrying on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to the comprehensive evaluation of the data recovered from the questionnaire. The present situation of outdoor activity landscape of target residential area is evaluated. The subjective observation results obtained by investigating the activity of the target residential area show that the landscape design of outdoor activity space in seven residential areas has different conditions and has the difference of fine level. Then, the data collected from the residents' score questionnaire are calculated statistically, and then the AHP is used to calculate the weight and then the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the environment of the residential areas. Objective calculation method is used to verify the subjective result and intention obtained from observation and discussion. The results show that there are great differences between the subjective results obtained from the discussion and the evaluations obtained by objective calculations, regardless of whether the environmental landscape is good or bad, According to the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation based on the data of participating residents' score questionnaire, it is not very suitable for the elderly to carry out social activities as a whole. Through the comparative analysis of different activity sites, the main reason lies in our lack of understanding of the "activities" carried in the activity space sites. There are some contradictions between the function of the existing outdoor activity space and the current social activities of the elderly, which cause the outdoor activity space in the residential area not to be used with real high efficiency.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央美術(shù)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU984.12

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