【摘要】：作為一門高新的科學技術，基因技術在全球范圍內(nèi)受到了普遍的關注，世界各國也爭相搶注基因技術專利，以獲得其蘊含的巨大經(jīng)濟利益。與此同時，基因技術的飛速發(fā)展也給傳統(tǒng)的知識產(chǎn)權保護體系帶來了不小的沖擊，對此，美國、日本等發(fā)達國家在基因技術的專利保護方面不斷地進行完善，以保障基因技術產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。而我國對基因技術的專利保護卻存在許多不足之處。首先，在基因技術的專利審查中過于注重“發(fā)明”與“發(fā)現(xiàn)”的判定區(qū)分，一旦被認定為“科學發(fā)現(xiàn)”，也就無法獲得專利保護；其次，動植物品種沒有被納入專利法的保護范圍，因此，通過基因技術方法得到的轉基因動植物品種，也就無法得到專利保護；再次，由于缺乏完善的關于基因技術專利的惠益共享機制，基因資源沒有得到充分保護。 本文在探討基因技術專利保護的相關問題的基礎上，比較并分析美國、歐洲、日本對于基因技術的專利保護狀況，進而指出我國現(xiàn)有的專利制度并沒有給基因技術提供全面、充分的保護。在基因技術飛速發(fā)展的今天，面對基因資源不斷被掠奪、研發(fā)者的權益得不到充分保障、專利制度面臨巨大挑戰(zhàn)的現(xiàn)狀，我國應當積極應對，，淡化“發(fā)明”與“發(fā)現(xiàn)”的界分，將符合條件的動植物新品種納入專利保護的客體范圍，此外，要在專利制度中建立、健全基因技術專利惠益共享機制，以更好地保護我國豐富的基因資源，完善我國的基因技術專利保護制度。
[Abstract]:As a high and new science and technology, gene technology has been paid more and more attention all over the world, and many countries all over the world are scrambling to pay attention to the patent of gene technology in order to obtain the huge economic benefits. At the same time, the rapid development of genetic technology has also brought not a small impact to the traditional intellectual property protection system. In this regard, the United States, Japan and other developed countries are constantly improving the patent protection of genetic technology. In order to ensure the development of genetic technology industry. However, there are many deficiencies in the patent protection of gene technology in China. First, too much attention is paid to the distinction between "invention" and "discovery" in the patent review of genetic technology. Once recognized as "scientific discovery", it is impossible to obtain patent protection. Plant and animal varieties are not included in the scope of protection of patent law, therefore, genetically modified animal and plant varieties obtained by genetic technology cannot be protected by patent; again, Genetic resources are not adequately protected due to the lack of a complete benefit-sharing mechanism for patents on gene technology. On the basis of discussing the related problems of the patent protection of gene technology, this paper compares and analyzes the patent protection of gene technology in the United States, Europe and Japan, and points out that the existing patent system of our country does not provide comprehensive protection for gene technology. Adequate protection. With the rapid development of gene technology, in the face of continuous exploitation of genetic resources, the rights and interests of R & D are not fully protected, and the patent system is faced with enormous challenges, China should actively deal with and play down the boundary between "invention" and "discovery". New species of plants and animals that meet the requirements should be included in the scope of the object of patent protection. In addition, it is necessary to establish and improve the mechanism for sharing the benefits of patents on genetic technology in order to better protect China's abundant genetic resources. Improve the patent protection system of genetic technology in China.
【學位授予單位】：華僑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D923.42

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