本文選題：校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移 + 企業(yè)開(kāi)放式創(chuàng)新�。� 參考：《江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移是高新技術(shù)企業(yè)獲取外部知識(shí)的重要渠道，屬于一類重要的企業(yè)開(kāi)放式創(chuàng)新模式，也是促進(jìn)我國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)的重要手段。但我國(guó)企業(yè)在走校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移的開(kāi)放式創(chuàng)新道路時(shí)，存在很多問(wèn)題，如高校知識(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)化效率低下，不穩(wěn)定的校企合作關(guān)系，知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移的機(jī)制不夠完善，創(chuàng)新鏈不夠順暢等。這些問(wèn)題的存在引發(fā)了學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)于校企合作創(chuàng)新的持續(xù)討論和深入研究。但通過(guò)梳理現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，多數(shù)研究關(guān)注的是企業(yè)開(kāi)放式創(chuàng)新行為對(duì)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效的影響，或者是校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移過(guò)程本身的效率與影響因素問(wèn)題。然而校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移有著豐富的渠道資源，企業(yè)對(duì)這些開(kāi)放式創(chuàng)新資源的利用水平會(huì)對(duì)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效產(chǎn)生重要影響，同時(shí)這種資源利用水平也會(huì)受到校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移過(guò)程的各種因素的影響。因此，通過(guò)研究校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移的企業(yè)開(kāi)放式創(chuàng)新特性與影響因素，及其長(zhǎng)期的演化規(guī)律，將有助于對(duì)這一企業(yè)開(kāi)放式創(chuàng)新模式的深入理解，并為管理者提供更具針對(duì)性的政策建議�；谶@一背景，站在高新技術(shù)企業(yè)角度，從以下幾個(gè)方面展開(kāi)對(duì)上述問(wèn)題的研究： （1）首先，構(gòu)建校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移的企業(yè)開(kāi)放式創(chuàng)新行為影響因素模型。以校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移的信息傳播模型為基礎(chǔ)，分析校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移過(guò)程中知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移動(dòng)機(jī)、企業(yè)知識(shí)吸收能力、高校知識(shí)釋放能力以及知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)關(guān)系的特性。并且從創(chuàng)新開(kāi)放廣度、深度方面，提出這些特性要素對(duì)校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移的企業(yè)開(kāi)放式創(chuàng)新行為影響的研究假設(shè)與理論模型。 （2）其次，對(duì)校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移的企業(yè)開(kāi)放式創(chuàng)新行為影響因素模型進(jìn)行實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)。以問(wèn)卷調(diào)查的實(shí)證研究方法，先確定需要進(jìn)行測(cè)度的構(gòu)念及其測(cè)量維度，包括：基于校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移的企業(yè)創(chuàng)新開(kāi)放廣度、深度，企業(yè)知識(shí)吸收能力，高校知識(shí)釋放能力，校企知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)關(guān)系沖突性。據(jù)此設(shè)計(jì)這些構(gòu)念的測(cè)度量表，以及調(diào)查問(wèn)卷。然后通過(guò)發(fā)放與回收問(wèn)卷，獲得調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)。利用探索性因子與驗(yàn)證性因子分析法，對(duì)量表質(zhì)量進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)，以確定最終量表結(jié)構(gòu)。接著采用結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型（SEM）以及AMOS軟件，進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析處理，對(duì)校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移的企業(yè)開(kāi)放式創(chuàng)新行為影響因素模型進(jìn)行假設(shè)檢驗(yàn)，獲得實(shí)證研究的結(jié)論。 （3）再次，利用系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真方法揭示基于校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移的企業(yè)開(kāi)放式創(chuàng)新行為的長(zhǎng)期演化規(guī)律。根據(jù)校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)態(tài)階段等過(guò)程模型，以及獲得實(shí)證研究支持的影響因素變量，構(gòu)建起校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移的企業(yè)開(kāi)放式創(chuàng)新系統(tǒng)的因果關(guān)系模型。利用流率基本入樹(shù)模型，構(gòu)建具有定量分析效果的系統(tǒng)流圖模型，以及系統(tǒng)變量方程。通過(guò)Vensim軟件仿真出基于校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移的企業(yè)開(kāi)放式創(chuàng)新行為演化過(guò)程。并且對(duì)知識(shí)吸收能力、釋放能力、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)沖突應(yīng)對(duì)系數(shù)、知識(shí)效益系數(shù)、知識(shí)差異、知識(shí)契合度、知識(shí)復(fù)雜性等系統(tǒng)參數(shù)進(jìn)行靈敏度分析，獲得影響系統(tǒng)演化過(guò)程的關(guān)鍵因素，并據(jù)此進(jìn)行政策方案的設(shè)計(jì)。 通過(guò)以上的理論分析、實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)以及系統(tǒng)仿真研究，獲得了如下的主要結(jié)論： （1）只有生存動(dòng)機(jī)對(duì)于校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移的企業(yè)開(kāi)放式創(chuàng)新行為具有顯著影響。企業(yè)雖然期望通過(guò)與高校創(chuàng)新合作，開(kāi)展知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移活動(dòng)，并且愿意維系長(zhǎng)期的信任合作關(guān)系，以此提高自身競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。但是我國(guó)校企合作創(chuàng)新還處于初始成長(zhǎng)階段，企業(yè)面臨到更多的是資金、勞動(dòng)力資源、縮短研發(fā)周期等較低層次的生存動(dòng)機(jī)的需要，因而其動(dòng)機(jī)行為表現(xiàn)是現(xiàn)實(shí)而理性的。同時(shí)，從長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看，生存動(dòng)機(jī)不會(huì)無(wú)限增長(zhǎng)，而是逐漸趨于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)，企業(yè)會(huì)尋求更高層次的動(dòng)機(jī)需要。 （2）潛在吸收能力中的知識(shí)消化能力會(huì)影響到校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移過(guò)程中企業(yè)創(chuàng)新開(kāi)放廣度。而實(shí)際吸收能力中的知識(shí)利用能力會(huì)對(duì)校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移過(guò)程中企業(yè)創(chuàng)新開(kāi)放深度產(chǎn)生顯著影響。同時(shí)企業(yè)吸收能力對(duì)于創(chuàng)新開(kāi)放程度的影響處于一種平衡狀態(tài)，，其中知識(shí)利用能力對(duì)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效會(huì)產(chǎn)生重要影響。并且企業(yè)實(shí)際知識(shí)吸收能力還會(huì)顯著增加校企之間知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)關(guān)系的沖突性。 （3）目前高校知識(shí)釋放能力對(duì)校企雙方創(chuàng)新開(kāi)放深度產(chǎn)生重要影響，但不是創(chuàng)新開(kāi)放廣度的決定因素。長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，高校知識(shí)釋放能力對(duì)于校企創(chuàng)新開(kāi)放深度演化模式的影響不大，也不會(huì)使得創(chuàng)新績(jī)效發(fā)展水平顯著提升，但保持現(xiàn)有水平卻是必要的。 （4）知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)沖突對(duì)校企創(chuàng)新開(kāi)放廣度與深度均造成負(fù)面影響。應(yīng)對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)沖突的措施與力度成為改善創(chuàng)新績(jī)效提升空間的關(guān)鍵因素。 （5）目前校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移活動(dòng)更加偏重于知識(shí)交易模式，吻合了目前校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移的開(kāi)放式創(chuàng)新動(dòng)機(jī)為生存動(dòng)機(jī)這一結(jié)論。同時(shí)通過(guò)加速知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)化能力的提升、加大應(yīng)對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)沖突力度等多項(xiàng)政策設(shè)計(jì)，可以挖掘出更多校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移渠道的潛力，從而帶來(lái)創(chuàng)新績(jī)效提升空間的改善。 （6）存在多個(gè)影響系統(tǒng)演化過(guò)程的關(guān)鍵因素，并且成為克服因過(guò)度開(kāi)放而造成創(chuàng)新績(jī)效下降的政策設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)。 與國(guó)內(nèi)外該領(lǐng)域的研究相比，本研究的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)與理論貢獻(xiàn)在于： （1）構(gòu)建了基于校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移的企業(yè)開(kāi)放式創(chuàng)新行為影響因素模型，并通過(guò)實(shí)證研究對(duì)該模型進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證，從校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移層面拓展了企業(yè)開(kāi)放式創(chuàng)新的行為理論。 （2）結(jié)合ERG動(dòng)機(jī)模型，層次化校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移過(guò)程中企業(yè)動(dòng)機(jī)因素，從而獲得了關(guān)于校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移動(dòng)機(jī)行為理論更加細(xì)化的研究結(jié)論。 （3）構(gòu)建基于校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移的企業(yè)開(kāi)放式創(chuàng)新系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型，通過(guò)復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)反饋環(huán)分析，結(jié)合仿真結(jié)果，找到?jīng)Q定系統(tǒng)演化過(guò)程的基模，揭示了校企開(kāi)放式創(chuàng)新行為規(guī)律背后的原因。 （4）通過(guò)系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)的靈敏度仿真分析，找到影響基于校企知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移的企業(yè)開(kāi)放式創(chuàng)新行為與創(chuàng)新績(jī)效演化規(guī)律的關(guān)鍵因素。
[Abstract]:Knowledge transfer is an important channel for high - tech enterprises to acquire external knowledge , and it is an important means to promote the upgrading of industrial structure in our country .

( 1 ) Firstly , the paper constructs an open innovation behavior influence factor model of enterprise knowledge transfer . Based on the information transmission model of knowledge transfer of school enterprise , the paper analyzes the characteristics of knowledge transfer motivation , enterprise knowledge absorption ability , knowledge releasing ability and intellectual property relationship in the process of knowledge transfer , and puts forward the research hypothesis and theoretical model of the influence of these characteristics on the enterprise ' s open innovation behavior .

( 2 ) Secondly , empirical test is made on the influencing factor model of enterprise ' s open innovation behavior of enterprise knowledge transfer . Based on the empirical research method of the questionnaire , the paper first determines the structure of the measure and its measurement dimension , including : the enterprise ' s innovation opening breadth , depth , enterprise knowledge absorption ability , the knowledge releasing ability of the university and the intellectual property relation conflict .

( 3 ) Thirdly , the system dynamics simulation method is used to reveal the long - term evolution law of the open innovation behavior of enterprises based on the knowledge transfer of school enterprise . Based on the process model of knowledge transfer in school and enterprise , and the influencing factor variables supported by the empirical research , the paper constructs a system flow graph model with quantitative analysis effect and the system variable equation .

Through the above theoretical analysis , the empirical test and the system simulation research , the following main conclusions are obtained :

( 1 ) Only survival motivation has a significant impact on the open innovation behavior of enterprise knowledge transfer . Although the enterprise expects to develop knowledge transfer activities through innovation cooperation with colleges and universities , and it is willing to maintain long - term trust and cooperation , it is realistic and rational . At the same time , in the long run , the survival motivation will not grow infinitely , but gradually become steady , and the enterprise will seek higher level motivation needs .

( 2 ) The ability of knowledge digestion in the potential absorptive capacity will affect the openness of the enterprise ' s innovation in the process of knowledge transfer . The ability of knowledge utilization in the actual absorptive capacity will have a significant impact on the open depth of enterprise innovation in the process of knowledge transfer .

( 3 ) At present , the ability of knowledge release in colleges and universities has an important influence on the innovation and opening depth of both colleges and enterprises , but it is not the decisive factor of the openness and breadth of innovation . In the long run , the ability of knowledge release in colleges and universities has little influence on the open - depth evolution model of university - enterprise innovation , and the development level of innovation performance is not greatly improved , but it is necessary to maintain the existing level .

( 4 ) Intellectual property conflict has a negative impact on the openness and depth of innovation opening . Measures and efforts to deal with intellectual property conflict have become the key factors to improve the innovation performance improvement space .

( 5 ) At present , the knowledge transfer activity of the school - enterprise is more focused on the knowledge trading mode , which accords with the conclusion that the open innovation motivation of knowledge transfer at present is the survival motivation .

( 6 ) There are a number of key factors that influence the evolution of the system , and become the basis of policy design to overcome the decline of innovation performance caused by over - opening .

Compared with the research at home and abroad , the innovation points and theoretical contributions of this research are :

( 1 ) The influence factor model of enterprise open innovation behavior based on school - enterprise knowledge transfer is constructed , and the model is verified through empirical research , and the behavioral theory of enterprise open innovation is expanded from the level of knowledge transfer .

( 2 ) Based on the ERG motivation model and the enterprise motivation factors in the process of knowledge transfer , this paper obtains the conclusion that the theory of motivation behavior of knowledge transfer motivation is more refined .

( 3 ) constructing an enterprise open innovation system dynamic model based on the knowledge transfer of the school enterprise , analyzing the feedback loop through a complex system , combining the simulation results , finding the base model of the decision system evolution process , and disclosing the reason behind the open innovation behavior rule of the school enterprise .

( 4 ) Through the sensitivity simulation analysis of the system dynamics , the key factors that influence the open innovation behavior and the innovation performance evolution law of enterprises based on the knowledge transfer of the school enterprise are found .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F276.44;F224

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