發(fā)布時間：2018-06-08 00:23

  本文選題：改革開放 + 農(nóng)民工�。� 參考：《廣西師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國在1978年實行改革開放后,農(nóng)村改革取得了重大成就,農(nóng)村農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)率的大大提高,使得農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了大量的剩余勞動力。而另一方面,中國城市經(jīng)過銳意改革,城市經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展需要越來越多的勞動力。由此,農(nóng)村勞動力不斷地涌向城市,形成了規(guī)模龐大的農(nóng)民工隊伍。農(nóng)民工是中國城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)體制下的產(chǎn)物,是兼有農(nóng)民和產(chǎn)業(yè)工人身份的特殊勞動群體,他們在城市辛勤勞動,為中國的城鄉(xiāng)社會經(jīng)濟一體化發(fā)展做出了巨大的貢獻,可是由于城鄉(xiāng)二元體制的緣故,他們的相關(guān)權(quán)益卻沒有得到很好地保障。就業(yè),是每一個公民獲得生存和發(fā)展的前提條件;權(quán)益,是現(xiàn)代社會法律所賦予公民的合法權(quán)利。在現(xiàn)代化市場經(jīng)濟中,就業(yè)權(quán)益是指勞動者自由選擇某一具體工作崗位,并且在這一選擇過程中能夠公平地與其他求職者進行崗位競爭;在入職后,勞動者與其他的工作人員一樣享有正當(dāng)?shù)�、同等的勞動報酬和國家相關(guān)社會保障。在國內(nèi)學(xué)術(shù)界研究保障農(nóng)民工就業(yè)權(quán)益方面,專家學(xué)者們從國家經(jīng)濟、政治、法律、政策等層面進行研究,提出了具有建設(shè)性的相關(guān)意見,比如提出在社會主義市場經(jīng)濟背景下加強農(nóng)民工普法教育,加快城鄉(xiāng)戶籍改革、就業(yè)制度等方面的建設(shè)步伐,在制定農(nóng)民工政策時提高農(nóng)民工政治參與度等積極建議。另一方面,國外并不存在“農(nóng)民工”這種說法,國外對農(nóng)村剩余勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移的相關(guān)研究在多數(shù)情況下是從經(jīng)濟角度展開論述,相關(guān)的研究成果有劉易斯人口流動模型、拉尼斯—費景漢模型等經(jīng)濟理論。雖然國外并沒有從政策方面對勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移問題進行研究,但是國外在促進城市與鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展、對勞動者開展相關(guān)培訓(xùn)等做法為政策的制定提供了某些思路。此外,國外學(xué)者在勞動者就業(yè)研究方面,從政府干預(yù)經(jīng)濟建設(shè)、勞動者對工資的期望以及雇傭方與被雇傭方之間的內(nèi)在需求匹配等層面入手,提出了某些積極的經(jīng)濟理論。為了進一步理解相關(guān)農(nóng)民工政策的內(nèi)涵,本文在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上以農(nóng)民工就業(yè)權(quán)益為視角,以農(nóng)民工就業(yè)權(quán)益保障政策為研究對象,嘗試論述農(nóng)民工就業(yè)權(quán)益保障政策,希望能夠為后續(xù)研究者提供相關(guān)文獻線索,以期進一步探究農(nóng)民工就業(yè)權(quán)益保障政策的相關(guān)知識內(nèi)容體系。在研究過程中,本文主要運用文獻資料研究方法,目的是在逐漸熟悉、掌握改革開放以來中國農(nóng)民工群體變化發(fā)展的史料,研究中國共產(chǎn)黨以及國家政府、部門針對農(nóng)民工群體就業(yè)權(quán)益保障問題而推行實施的相關(guān)政策,為闡述農(nóng)民工就業(yè)權(quán)益保障政策提供必要的文獻研究資料;運用歷史研究方法對中國在改革開放以來制定的關(guān)于農(nóng)民工就業(yè)權(quán)益保障工作方面的政策加以研究,嘗試以此描述農(nóng)民工就業(yè)權(quán)益保障政策的歷史形成與發(fā)展過程,并敘述其基本內(nèi)容;運用定量研究法與定性研究法,主要是論述農(nóng)民工對國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的促進意義及農(nóng)民工就業(yè)權(quán)益保障政策對農(nóng)民工群體及社會發(fā)展的積極影響,并且闡述農(nóng)民工就業(yè)權(quán)益保障政策的顯著特征,在深入分析農(nóng)民工就業(yè)權(quán)益保障政策的執(zhí)行情況與效果之后,總結(jié)政策的不足之處,為今后制定更加科學(xué)合理的惠民政策提供經(jīng)驗依據(jù)。通過進行細致研究,本文所得出的研究成果是:農(nóng)民工就業(yè)權(quán)益保障政策得以產(chǎn)生的原因及其變化發(fā)展的現(xiàn)實依據(jù);國家是怎樣保障農(nóng)民工就業(yè)權(quán)益以及農(nóng)民工就業(yè)權(quán)益保障政策的顯著特征;試論農(nóng)民工就業(yè)權(quán)益保障政策所存在的不足地方,并以此提出相關(guān)改進辦法。從總體上概括地來講,農(nóng)民工就業(yè)權(quán)益保障政策之所以得以產(chǎn)生,是因為改革開放后農(nóng)民工群體的出現(xiàn)及其就業(yè)權(quán)益問題的凸顯,在實際過程中,農(nóng)民工就業(yè)權(quán)益保障政策經(jīng)歷了初步形成、基本形成、發(fā)展和進一步發(fā)展等階段。國家主要從農(nóng)民工的入職權(quán)益、工資收入、工傷保險及失業(yè)保險等方面來保障農(nóng)民工的就業(yè)權(quán)益。剛性與柔性并存、兼具內(nèi)在普惠性與服務(wù)發(fā)展性正是農(nóng)民工就業(yè)權(quán)益保障政策不斷變化發(fā)展的本質(zhì)特征。國家之所以注重保障農(nóng)民工就業(yè)權(quán)益,是因為農(nóng)民工群體是中國城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展的重要推動力量,解決好農(nóng)民工就業(yè)權(quán)益問題是中國實現(xiàn)社會主義和諧社會的基本要求,是中國全面建成小康社會的必然要求。國家所制定的農(nóng)民工就業(yè)權(quán)益保障政策,對促進國家城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟建設(shè)、實現(xiàn)中國特色社會主義公平正義起到了重要推動作用;然而政策所存在的固有的“柔性”特征及其“非全面性”卻成為了在一定程度上影響政策有效執(zhí)行的絆腳石。如何清除政策“柔性”特征及其“非全面性”問題在無意中所帶來的某些不利于保障農(nóng)民工就業(yè)權(quán)益的隱形阻礙,這是一個現(xiàn)實的客觀問題。本文在發(fā)現(xiàn)農(nóng)民工就業(yè)權(quán)益保障政策存在這些不足之處后,以此有感而發(fā),認(rèn)為這些不足之處亦有相關(guān)啟示,即在“柔性”特征及“非全面性”問題存在的情況下應(yīng)當(dāng)從明確制定具體工作目標(biāo)要求、強化職能部門工作、完善國家住房公積金制度等方面建設(shè)來進一步促進惠民政策的制定與發(fā)展——而這正是本文探索如何發(fā)展農(nóng)民工就業(yè)權(quán)益保障政策的突破口,同時也是本文的新見解所在。
[Abstract]:After the implementation of China's reform and opening up in 1978, the rural reform has made great achievements, the productivity of rural agriculture has been greatly improved, and a large number of surplus labor has appeared in the rural areas. On the other hand, the urban economy needs more and more labor force after the sharp reform of the Chinese cities. Thus, the rural labor force is constantly pouring into the city, The migrant workers have formed a large scale of migrant workers. Migrant workers are the product of the two yuan structural system of urban and rural areas in China. It is a special working group with both farmers and industrial workers. They have worked hard in the city and made great contributions to the development of social and economic integration in urban and rural areas of China, but because of the two yuan system in urban and rural areas, they The relevant rights and interests are not well guaranteed. Employment is the prerequisite for every citizen to survive and develop; the rights and interests are the legal rights given to the citizens by the modern social law. In the modern market economy, the employment rights and interests means that the workers are free to choose a specific job and can be used in the process of choice. To compete with other job seekers on the ground, the workers enjoy the same labor remuneration and the state related social security as the other staff members after their entry. In the domestic academic circles, the experts and scholars study the protection of the employment rights and interests of migrant workers from the economic, political, legal, policy and other aspects of the national economy. There are constructive suggestions, such as strengthening the education of peasant workers in the context of socialist market economy, speeding up the reform of urban and rural household registration, the construction of employment system and so on. On the other hand, there are no "migrant workers" in foreign countries. The study of the transfer of surplus rural labor in foreign countries is discussed from the economic perspective in most cases. The related research results are Lewis's population flow model, the lance Fei Jinghan model and other economic theories. Although foreign countries have not studied the transfer of labor force from the policy aspects, the foreign countries are promoting the city. The development of the city and the countryside and the training of the workers provide some ideas for the formulation of the policy. In addition, the foreign scholars have put forward some positive aspects in the study of the employment of workers from the level of government intervention in economic construction, the expectations of the workers on wages, and the matching of the needs between the employers and the employed parties. In order to further understand the connotation of the relevant peasant workers' policy, this paper, based on the previous research, takes the employment rights and interests of migrant workers as the perspective and takes the policy of guaranteeing the employment rights and interests of migrant workers as the research object, and tries to discuss the policy of guaranteeing the employment rights of migrant workers, hoping to provide the relevant literature clues for the follow-up researchers in order to advance. In the course of the study, the main use of literature research methods, the purpose is to gradually familiarity with the historical materials of the change and development of the Chinese migrant workers since the reform and opening up, and study the Chinese Communist Party and the state government, the Department is aimed at the migrant workers group. The relevant policy of carrying out the problem of protecting the rights and interests of the industry is carried out to provide the necessary literature research materials for the policy of guaranteeing the employment rights and interests of the migrant workers, and the historical research method is used to study the policy on the protection of the employment rights and interests of the migrant workers in China since the reform and opening up, and try to describe the employment rights of the migrant workers. The historical formation and development process of the guarantee policy and its basic content are described. Using the quantitative research method and the qualitative research method, it mainly discusses the promotion significance of the migrant workers to the national economic development and the positive effect of the policy of guaranteeing the employment rights and interests of migrant workers on the group and the social development of the migrant workers, and expounds the policy of guaranteeing the rights and interests of the migrant workers' employment. After in-depth analysis of the implementation and effect of the policy of guaranteeing the employment rights and interests of migrant workers, this paper summarizes the shortcomings of the policy and provides the basis for the future formulation of a more scientific and reasonable policy for the people of Huimin. Through careful research, the results obtained in this paper are that the policy of guaranteeing the rights and interests of migrant workers' employment rights has been produced. The reasons and the realistic basis for the development of the change; how the state guarantees the employment rights and interests of migrant workers and the significant characteristics of the policy of guaranteeing the rights and interests of the migrant workers; on the deficiencies of the employment rights and interests protection policies of migrant workers, and in order to put forward the relevant measures for improvement. It is caused by the emergence of the migrant workers and their employment rights and interests after the reform and opening up. In the actual process, the policy of guaranteeing the rights and interests of the migrant workers has undergone a preliminary formation, basic formation, development and further development. The state is mainly from the rights and interests of the peasant workers, wages, industrial injury insurance and unemployment insurance. Insurance and other aspects to guarantee the employment rights and interests of migrant workers. The coexistence of rigidity and flexibility, both intrinsic benefits and service development are the essential features of the constant change and development of the employment rights and interests of migrant workers. The reason why the state pays attention to guaranteeing the employment rights of migrant workers is because the rural migrant workers are the important driving force for the development of China's urbanization. Solving the problem of the rights and interests of the migrant workers is the basic requirement for the realization of a harmonious society in China and the inevitable requirement of building a well-off society in an all-round way. The policy of guaranteeing the rights and interests of migrant workers by the state has played an important role in promoting the national urban and rural economic construction and realizing the socialistic fairness and justice of Chinese characteristics. The inherent "flexibility" and its "non comprehensiveness", which exist in policy, have become a stumbling block to influence the effective implementation of policy to a certain extent. After finding these shortcomings in the policy of guaranteeing the employment rights and interests of migrant workers, this paper thinks that these inadequacies also have relevant enlightenment, that is, in the case of "flexible" and "non comprehensive" problems, we should make clear the requirements of the specific work objectives and strengthen the work of the functional departments. To improve the national housing provident fund system and other aspects to further promote the formulation and development of the policy of benefiting people - this is the breakthrough point of this article to explore how to develop the employment rights and interests of migrant workers, and also the new views of this article.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D412.6;D922.5

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