本文選題：冷凍胚胎　切入點：法律屬性　出處：《上海師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：毫無疑問,“試管嬰兒技術(shù)”及其衍生的人類輔助生殖技術(shù)給人類和社會帶來了積極影響,但是也帶來了許多棘手的法律問題。在這些法律問題中,最基本也是最重要的問題就是對人類冷凍胚胎法律屬性的認(rèn)定問題。對于這個問題,最典型的案例就是發(fā)生在我國的首例人類冷凍胚胎繼承權(quán)糾紛案。本文以近年來冷凍胚胎繼承案的出現(xiàn)為背景和契機,以“冷凍胚胎”為研究客體,對其法律性質(zhì)進行分析和界定,同時在其性質(zhì)界定的基礎(chǔ)上,為冷凍胚胎的處置提供規(guī)范原則。第一部分是引言,主要是介紹本文研究的事實和法律背景,對國內(nèi)代表性的冷凍胚胎案例進行闡釋,對判決進行分析。歸納并述明本文的思考路徑。第二部分是基本概念界定,從冷凍胚胎的定義開始,通過對各主要學(xué)說的分析,提煉出界定冷凍胚胎法律屬性的四個考慮要素,從而認(rèn)定冷凍胚胎是應(yīng)受到特別尊重的物。第三部分,冷凍胚胎法律屬性的三大學(xué)說分析。本章從傳統(tǒng)民法主客二分的工具性分類為邏輯起點,按照發(fā)展順序和爭論趨勢將各種學(xué)說歸入主體說、客體說以及折中說三類,對于各學(xué)說的基本主張和細(xì)分派別進行了分析和歸類。冷凍胚胎法律性質(zhì)的界定因素,從提出界定冷凍胚胎法律性質(zhì)必須回答的問題入手,認(rèn)為冷凍胚胎性質(zhì)的界定最終取決于法律體系的包容性和體系性,筆者論證我國現(xiàn)行法律制度下,冷凍胚胎是物的倫理物。第四部分,通過比較國內(nèi)外在不同類型化的冷凍胚胎糾紛中怎么立法和判決,進而對我國未來的冷凍胚胎立法提出完善建議。冷凍胚胎糾紛情形有夫妻婚姻關(guān)系消滅時的權(quán)利歸屬、夫妻一方或者雙方死亡時權(quán)利歸屬以及捐贈情況下的權(quán)利怎么行使和冷凍胚胎被損毀時候權(quán)利怎么行使。第五部分,對冷凍胚胎的處置的立法完善建議�；谄鋫惱砦锏奶厥庑再|(zhì),筆者提出了冷凍胚胎立法所應(yīng)該遵守的基本原則,包括知情同意原則、權(quán)威機構(gòu)核準(zhǔn)監(jiān)督原則、非商業(yè)化原則、互盲保密原則、社會公共利益原則。在具體立法建議部分,首先在立法中明確規(guī)定冷凍胚胎倫理物的屬性、在不同情形權(quán)利歸屬的立法和胚胎捐贈時不同情形不同處理處理方法,然后提出完善人工輔助生殖許可機制,最后對最長保存期限也應(yīng)歸入立法。
[Abstract]:There is no doubt that IVF and its attendant human assisted reproductive technologies have had a positive impact on human beings and society, but have also brought about many difficult legal issues. The most basic and important issue is the determination of the legal attributes of human frozen embryos. The most typical case is the first human frozen embryo inheritance dispute in China. This paper takes the emergence of frozen embryo inheritance case as the background and opportunity in recent years, taking "frozen embryo" as the research object. At the same time, on the basis of the definition of its nature, it provides the normative principles for the disposal of frozen embryos. The first part is the introduction, which mainly introduces the facts and legal background of this paper. Explain the typical frozen embryo cases in China, analyze the judgment, summarize and explain the thinking path of this paper. The second part is the definition of the basic concept, beginning with the definition of frozen embryo, through the analysis of the main theories, Refining the four considerations that define the legal attributes of frozen embryos, thereby determining that frozen embryos are objects that deserve special respect. Part III, This chapter starts from the instrumental classification of the subject and object of the traditional civil law and classifies various theories into three categories according to the development order and the trend of argument: the subject theory, the object theory and the eclectic theory, which are divided into three categories: the subject theory, the object theory and the compromise theory, according to the order of development and the trend of debate. This paper analyzes and classifies the basic propositions and subdivisions of various doctrines. The defining factors of the legal nature of frozen embryos begin with the questions that must be answered to define the legal nature of frozen embryos. It is concluded that the definition of the nature of frozen embryos ultimately depends on the inclusiveness and systemativeness of the legal system. The author argues that frozen embryos are ethical objects of things under the current legal system of our country. Part 4th, By comparing domestic and foreign legislation and judgment in different types of frozen embryo disputes, the author puts forward some suggestions for the future legislation of frozen embryos in China. How to exercise the rights of one or both spouses when they die and how to exercise their rights in the event of donation and how to exercise their rights when the frozen embryo is destroyed. Part 5th, Based on the special nature of its ethics, the author puts forward the basic principles that should be observed in the legislation of frozen embryos, including the principle of informed consent, the principle of authority approval and supervision, and the principle of non-commercialization. The principle of mutual blind secrecy, the principle of social public interest. In the specific legislative proposal part, first of all, in the legislation clearly defined the properties of frozen embryos ethics, The legislation of right ascription in different situations and the different treatment methods in different cases of embryo donation, then put forward to perfect the mechanism of artificial assisted reproduction license, and finally, the longest preservation period should also be included in legislation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.16;D923

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