本文關(guān)鍵詞： 突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件 行政強(qiáng)制 完善建議　出處：《華東政法大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在2011年出臺《行政強(qiáng)制法》之后，行政強(qiáng)制作為一種行使行政權(quán)力、實(shí)現(xiàn)公共行政服務(wù)的手段，發(fā)揮著日益重要的作用。一方面，可以運(yùn)用于社會正常狀態(tài)下的社會管理，另一方面，在出現(xiàn)各種突發(fā)公共事件時(shí)，行政強(qiáng)制作為一種高強(qiáng)度的控制手段，對于突發(fā)事件的迅速控制和化解危機(jī)，發(fā)揮著重要的功能。 突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件中的行政強(qiáng)制一方面深刻的影響著公民的各種權(quán)利，另一方面也是應(yīng)對危機(jī)、維護(hù)整個(gè)社會秩序而必須采取的強(qiáng)有力措施。對此種行政緊急強(qiáng)制進(jìn)行合理的規(guī)制，，是保障公民權(quán)利、建立憲政國家的必然要求。 從2003年抗擊非典以來，政府為戰(zhàn)勝疫情，采取了大量的行政緊急強(qiáng)制手段，在此種緊急狀態(tài)下，快速有效的控制了疫情的蔓延，維護(hù)了公民的生命健康。但是，在具體的實(shí)施中，也出現(xiàn)了大量的問題，如實(shí)施主體不具體統(tǒng)一，一些強(qiáng)制行為存在過激、不合規(guī)范的現(xiàn)象。同時(shí)，由于突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件情況的緊急性，在實(shí)施行政強(qiáng)制時(shí)往往缺乏相應(yīng)的監(jiān)督救濟(jì)機(jī)制，造成了大量權(quán)力濫用的現(xiàn)象，損害了相對人的相關(guān)權(quán)利，影響了行政效率的提高，不利于行政目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。 我國目前關(guān)于突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件法治狀況的研究主要集中在宏觀的應(yīng)急機(jī)制層面，對其中的微觀方面研究較少且不夠深入。本文選取突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件中行政強(qiáng)制這一視角，首先分析了行政緊急強(qiáng)制的一般理論，然后重點(diǎn)對突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件這一領(lǐng)域中行政強(qiáng)制相關(guān)理論進(jìn)行闡述，對在突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件中運(yùn)用行政強(qiáng)制的必然性、帶來的效果、需要堅(jiān)持的原則作了相應(yīng)的論述。其次對突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件這一領(lǐng)域存在的法律規(guī)范以及實(shí)踐情況進(jìn)行總結(jié)，歸納出了行政強(qiáng)制的主要手段以及相關(guān)的主體。然后對目前存在的問題進(jìn)行分析，主要包括法律規(guī)范不統(tǒng)一、實(shí)施主體不具體、程序不合規(guī)范以及缺乏相應(yīng)的監(jiān)督救濟(jì)機(jī)制等。最后，針對這些問題，分別從法律體系與理念的完善、行政執(zhí)法的完善、監(jiān)督與救濟(jì)機(jī)制的完善這三個(gè)范疇給出了相應(yīng)的建議，并在有關(guān)方面借鑒了其他國家的相關(guān)法律規(guī)定以及實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
[Abstract]:After the introduction of the Administrative compulsory Law in 2011, administrative coercion, as a means of exercising administrative power and realizing public administrative services, plays an increasingly important role. On the one hand, it can be applied to social management in a normal social state. On the other hand, administrative compulsion, as a high-intensity means of control, plays an important role in the rapid control of emergencies and the resolution of crises. On the one hand, administrative coercion in public health emergencies profoundly affects citizens' rights, on the other hand, they also deal with the crisis. It is necessary to take strong measures to maintain the whole social order. It is an inevitable requirement to protect the rights of citizens and establish a constitutional state by imposing reasonable regulations on this kind of administrative emergency. Since the fight against SARS in 2003, the government has adopted a large number of administrative emergency coercive measures to combat the epidemic. Under such a state of emergency, it has quickly and effectively controlled the spread of the epidemic and safeguarded the life and health of its citizens. In the concrete implementation, there are also a large number of problems, such as the lack of concrete unification of the subject of implementation, the extreme and irregular phenomenon of some compulsory acts. At the same time, due to the emergency of the public health emergency, In the implementation of administrative enforcement, there is often a lack of corresponding supervision and relief mechanism, which has caused a large number of abuse of power, damaged the relative person's relevant rights, affected the improvement of administrative efficiency, and is not conducive to the realization of administrative objectives. At present, the research on the rule of law of public health emergencies in our country is mainly focused on the macro emergency mechanism, and the research on the micro aspects is less and less thorough. This paper selects the perspective of administrative compulsion in public health emergencies. This paper first analyzes the general theory of administrative emergency compulsion, then focuses on the related theories of administrative compulsion in the field of public health emergencies, and the effect of the necessity of applying administrative compulsion in public health emergencies. The principles that need to be adhered to are discussed accordingly. Secondly, the existing legal norms and practice in the field of public health emergencies are summarized. The main means of administrative compulsion and the relevant subjects are summarized. Then the existing problems are analyzed, including the disunity of legal norms, the lack of concrete implementation of the main body, The procedure is not standardized and the corresponding supervision and remedy mechanism is lacking. Finally, in view of these problems, the corresponding suggestions are put forward from three aspects: the perfection of the legal system and idea, the perfection of the administrative law enforcement, the perfection of the supervision and the relief mechanism, etc. And the relevant aspects of reference to other countries in the relevant legal provisions and practical experience.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D922.11

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