【摘要】：本文從超法規(guī)違法阻卻事由的基本理論的梳理入手，首先介紹了學(xué)界對(duì)于超法規(guī)違法阻卻事由的稱謂，并對(duì)稱謂與概念之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單的分析，緊接著介紹了關(guān)于超法規(guī)違法阻卻事由概念的幾種觀點(diǎn)及其背后的理論，并試圖從最貼近中國(guó)實(shí)際又最符合刑法發(fā)展方向的角度對(duì)超法規(guī)違法阻卻事由的概念進(jìn)行界定。在概念界定之后，本文對(duì)目前學(xué)界關(guān)于超法規(guī)違法阻卻事由與犯罪構(gòu)成的關(guān)系的幾種主要的觀點(diǎn)分別進(jìn)行了介紹并作簡(jiǎn)單評(píng)析，在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了應(yīng)當(dāng)將我國(guó)的四要件犯罪構(gòu)成體系進(jìn)行改造并將超法規(guī)違法阻卻事由納入其中的觀點(diǎn)。由于超法規(guī)違法阻卻事由的“超法規(guī)性”，自然逃脫不了破壞罪刑法定原則的嫌疑，本文簡(jiǎn)要介紹罪刑法定原則的內(nèi)涵和價(jià)值的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)罪刑法定原則與超法規(guī)違法阻卻事由之間的張力進(jìn)行了分析，從而得出超法規(guī)違法阻卻事由并不違反罪刑法定原則的結(jié)論。形式理性和實(shí)質(zhì)理性之間的張力使他們很難在刑法中實(shí)現(xiàn)平衡，超法規(guī)違法阻卻事由是對(duì)違法性進(jìn)行實(shí)質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)的必然結(jié)果，是實(shí)質(zhì)理性的邏輯延伸，但另一方面也起到了彌補(bǔ)實(shí)定法缺陷、促進(jìn)形式理性的作用；解決了超法規(guī)違法阻卻事由存在的必要性問題，對(duì)于它價(jià)值的認(rèn)知就顯得順理成章，本文認(rèn)為，超法規(guī)違法阻卻事由的存在至少可以起到保障人權(quán)、促進(jìn)實(shí)質(zhì)公正以及維護(hù)法秩序統(tǒng)一的作用；超法規(guī)違法阻卻事由的實(shí)現(xiàn)分為兩個(gè)層次，第一個(gè)層次是如何在理論上構(gòu)建超法規(guī)違法阻卻事由的體系，第二個(gè)層次是在司法實(shí)踐中如何運(yùn)用超法規(guī)違法阻卻事由，，本文以德日超法規(guī)違法阻卻事由的實(shí)現(xiàn)模式為范本，提出了我國(guó)超法規(guī)違法阻卻事由體系化構(gòu)建的基準(zhǔn)——社會(huì)相當(dāng)性，并以此為基礎(chǔ)構(gòu)建我國(guó)超法規(guī)違法阻卻事由的理論體系。接著本文介紹了德日等國(guó)超法規(guī)違法阻卻事由的司法實(shí)現(xiàn)方式，并對(duì)我國(guó)超法規(guī)違法阻卻事由在司法實(shí)踐中實(shí)現(xiàn)的方式進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單地反思，進(jìn)而提出了完善我國(guó)超法規(guī)違法阻卻事由司法實(shí)現(xiàn)方式的建議。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the author begins with the basic theory of anti-violation of laws and regulations. Firstly, it introduces the appellation of the reasons of non-violation of laws and regulations in the academic circles, and analyzes the relationship between the appellation and the concept. Then it introduces several views and the theories behind the concept of the reason of breaking the law and tries to define the concept of the reason from the angle of the most close to the reality of China and most in line with the direction of the development of the criminal law in order to define the reason of the prevention of the violation of the law in excess of the law and the theory behind it. After the definition of the concept, this paper introduces and makes a brief comment on the relationship between the reason of breaking the law and the constitution of the crime in the academic circles at present. On this basis, the author puts forward the view that we should reform the constitution system of the four-element crime in our country and include the reasons of breaking the law and blocking the law into it. Because of the "ultra-legal nature" of breaking the law and blocking the cause of the crime, it naturally cannot escape the suspicion of destroying the principle of statutory punishment for a crime. This paper briefly introduces the connotation and value of the principle of legality of crime and punishment on the basis of an analysis of the tension between the principle of legality of crime and punishment and the cause of non-violation of laws and regulations, so as to draw a conclusion that the reasons of non-violation of the law of crime and punishment do not violate the principle of legality of crime and punishment. The tension between formal reason and substantive reason makes it difficult for them to achieve balance in criminal law. The reason of breaking the law is the inevitable result of the substantive evaluation of illegality, and it is the logical extension of substantive rationality. On the other hand, it also plays the role of making up for the defects of the substantive law and promoting the formal rationality. It is reasonable to understand the value of ultra-regulation and its value. The author thinks that the existence of the reason of violation of laws and regulations can at least protect human rights, and it is necessary to solve the problem of the necessity of breaking the law and stop the cause of the violation of laws and regulations, and the recognition of its value is reasonable. The role of promoting substantive justice and safeguarding the unity of law and order; There are two levels in the realization of the reasons of the violation of the laws and regulations. The first level is how to construct the system of the reasons of the violations of the laws and regulations in theory, and the second level is how to use the laws and regulations in the judicial practice to prevent the causes of the violations of the law. Based on the model of the realization of the reasons of the violation of the laws and regulations in Germany and Japan, this paper puts forward the benchmark of the systematic construction of the reasons of the violation of the laws and regulations in our country-the social appropriateness. And on the basis of this, we construct the theoretical system of our country's ultra-laws and regulations to prevent the cause of the violation of the law. Then this paper introduces the judicial realization of the reasons of the violation of laws and regulations in Germany, Japan and other countries, and makes a simple reflection on the way that the reasons of non-compliance of laws and regulations are realized in the judicial practice of our country. Furthermore, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to perfect the way of judicial realization of the violation of laws and regulations in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華僑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D924

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