本文選題：刑罰結(jié)構(gòu) + 立法變化　； 參考：《河北大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以來,我國社會面臨的犯罪態(tài)勢非常嚴(yán)峻,我國刑罰在預(yù)防犯罪和懲罰犯罪方面的“有限性”逐漸顯露,刑法的效益也日趨下降。鑒于此,刑罰結(jié)構(gòu)的改革和完善問題逐漸受到學(xué)術(shù)界的親睞,并且也越來越受國家立法機(jī)關(guān)的重視。有學(xué)者指出:刑罰結(jié)構(gòu)是指各刑種在刑罰體系的配置比重,但刑罰結(jié)構(gòu)不是各種刑罰種類的簡單堆砌,它也是一個系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu),是由許許多多的要素構(gòu)成的。根據(jù)系統(tǒng)論的“優(yōu)化的整體功能大于各部分功能之和”的理論,刑罰內(nèi)部的各個要素有機(jī)的結(jié)合起來,形成良好的運(yùn)行結(jié)構(gòu),刑罰的功能和優(yōu)勢才能充分發(fā)揮出來。刑罰結(jié)構(gòu)的改革與完善,不僅要充分了解現(xiàn)行刑法中有關(guān)刑罰結(jié)構(gòu)的規(guī)定,更應(yīng)該了解近些年來我國刑罰結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了哪些變動,尤其是要了解2011年的《刑法修正案(八)》和2015年的《刑法修正案(九)》的頒布對我國刑罰結(jié)構(gòu)的變動產(chǎn)生了哪些影響。通過梳理和分析《刑法修正案(八)》和《刑法修正案(九)》可以看到近些年來我國刑罰結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了明顯的變化:首先,削減了死刑,死刑在刑罰體系中的比重越來越小,死刑在刑罰結(jié)構(gòu)中的中心地位逐漸被蠶食。其次,提高了自由刑的上限,自由刑與死刑的銜接更加緊密,一定程度上改變了我國“生刑過輕”的局面;管制刑的完善,促使自由刑“輕重有序”更加科學(xué)合理。再次,罰金刑適用范圍擴(kuò)大、追繳制度的完善,進(jìn)一步提高了罰金刑在刑罰結(jié)構(gòu)中的地位。最后,“社區(qū)矯正”、“禁止令”、“禁止從事相關(guān)職業(yè)”等非刑罰處理方法的入刑,使我國非刑罰處理方法的適用范圍進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大,推動了行刑社會化,同時也促使我國刑罰結(jié)構(gòu)向輕緩化的方向發(fā)展。當(dāng)然我們也要看到目前我國刑罰結(jié)構(gòu)中存在的一些問題,比如:我國的刑罰結(jié)構(gòu)仍然比較重、刑罰種類不足、刑罰種類配置失調(diào)、刑罰幅度失調(diào)等等。我國刑罰結(jié)構(gòu)改革和完善要以系統(tǒng)化的理論為指導(dǎo),以我國刑罰結(jié)構(gòu)的現(xiàn)狀為基礎(chǔ),以西方發(fā)達(dá)國家刑罰結(jié)構(gòu)改革的經(jīng)驗(yàn)為參考,準(zhǔn)確把握我國刑罰結(jié)構(gòu)改革與完善的航向。在宏觀上,要明確我國刑罰結(jié)構(gòu)未來變化的大方向,那就是堅(jiān)持走輕緩化的道路;在微觀上,在充分考慮我國重刑刑罰結(jié)構(gòu)的現(xiàn)實(shí)國情的基礎(chǔ)上,我國應(yīng)堅(jiān)持單極化的發(fā)展方向。在具體的調(diào)整路徑上,堅(jiān)持以刑罰種類與刑罰幅度的合理調(diào)整以來推動刑罰結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化,包括:第一,增設(shè)和完善以資格刑為核心的輕刑種類;第二,進(jìn)一步削減死刑,合理配置自由刑;第三,進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大罰金刑適用范圍,提高罰金刑在刑罰體系中的地位,同時嚴(yán)格限制沒收財(cái)產(chǎn)刑的適用;第四,協(xié)調(diào)罪種間的法定刑幅度和合理分檔法定刑幅度。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the 21st century, the situation of crime facing our society is very severe. The "limitation" of criminal punishment in crime prevention and punishment is gradually revealed, and the benefit of criminal law is also declining day by day. In view of this, the question of the reform and perfection of penalty structure has been paid more and more attention by the state legislature. Some scholars have pointed out that the penalty structure refers to the proportion of each kind of punishment in the penalty system, but the penalty structure is not a simple stacking of various kinds of penalties, it is also a systematic structure, which is composed of many elements. According to the theory of system theory that "the whole function of optimization is greater than the sum of the functions of each part", the elements inside the penalty are organically combined to form a good operation structure, and the function and advantage of the penalty can be brought into full play. In order to reform and perfect the penalty structure, we should not only fully understand the relevant provisions of the current criminal law, but also understand what changes have taken place in the criminal structure of our country in recent years. In particular, it is necessary to understand how the promulgation of the Criminal Law Amendment (8) in 2011 and the Criminal Law Amendment (9) in 2015 have influenced the changes in the penal structure of our country. By combing and analyzing the Criminal Law Amendment (8) and the Criminal Law Amendment (9), we can see that in recent years, there have been obvious changes in the criminal structure of our country. First, the death penalty has been reduced, and the proportion of the death penalty in the penalty system has become smaller and smaller. The central position of the death penalty in the penalty structure was gradually eroded. Secondly, the upper limit of free punishment is raised, the connection between free punishment and death penalty is closer, and the situation of "birth punishment is too light" is changed to a certain extent, and the perfection of control punishment makes the freedom punishment "light and orderly" more scientific and reasonable. Thirdly, the scope of application of fine is expanded and the system of recovery is improved, which further improves the position of fine in the structure of penalty. Finally, "Community Correction", "Prohibition order", "Prohibition of engaging in related occupations" and other non-penalty treatment methods have further expanded the scope of application of non-penal treatment methods in China, and promoted the socialization of execution. At the same time, it also promotes the development of penalty structure in China. Of course, we also need to see some problems existing in the present penalty structure of our country, such as: the penalty structure is still heavy, the penalty type is insufficient, the penalty type is disordered, the penalty range is unbalanced, and so on. The reform and perfection of our country's penalty structure should be guided by systematic theory, based on the present situation of our country's penalty structure, and based on the experience of the western developed countries. We should accurately grasp the course of the reform and perfection of our country's penalty structure. At the macro level, it is necessary to make clear the general direction of the future changes in the penal structure of our country, that is, to adhere to the road of slowing down; at the micro level, on the basis of fully considering the actual situation of the heavy penalty structure of our country, China should adhere to the development direction of unipolarization. In the specific adjustment path, we insist on promoting the optimization of the penalty structure since the reasonable adjustment of the penalty type and the penalty range, including: first, to add and perfect the light punishment category with the qualification penalty as the core; second, to further reduce the death penalty. Third, to further expand the scope of application of fine, improve the status of fine in the penalty system, while strictly limiting the application of confiscation of property penalty; fourth, To coordinate the legal range of punishment between the species of crime and the range of legal penalties of reasonable classification.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D924.1

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