發(fā)布時間：2018-06-25 19:23

  本文選題：民事公益訴訟 + 公民　； 參考：《吉林大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，各類新型社會問題不斷涌現(xiàn)。近年來，，損害社會公共利益的事件集中爆發(fā)，尤其環(huán)境污染和侵害消費者合法權(quán)益問題最為嚴重，我國學界討論已久的建立公益訴訟制度問題逐漸提上日程。隨著修改后的《民事訴訟法》的實施，針對條文中具有民事公益訴訟原告資格的主體問題，一直是當前熱議的問題。具體條文僅對具有原告資格的主體進行了概括性的表述，并且也沒有將討論中熱議的公民納入其中，公民是否應當賦予原告資格值得進一步的討論。 公益訴訟制度的建立突破了傳統(tǒng)的當事人制度，隨著社會發(fā)展的需要，概括規(guī)定的原告主體范圍也將受到挑戰(zhàn)。公民是社會組成的最基本單位，社會公共利益與其生活密切相關(guān)，公民是捍衛(wèi)社會公共利益最積極的倡導者和執(zhí)行者。對賦予公民民事公益訴訟原告資格的研究，目的在于肯定賦予其原告資格的合理性及必要性。同時，針對現(xiàn)有程序和制度存在的欠缺，提出切實可行的合理建議，以便于公民在保護社會公共利益問題上得到更大的支持。 本文立足于肯定賦予公民原告資格的立場，在提出問題、分析問題、解決問題的邏輯思維模式引導下，兼顧程序建構(gòu)和制度保障兩方面可能遇到的問題，從理論和實際出發(fā)，為賦予公民原告資格提供理論和現(xiàn)實的支持，為公民保護社會公共利益提供更多的保障。 首先，本文對我國民事公益訴訟制度的現(xiàn)狀進行闡釋，采用文義解釋的方法對《民事訴訟法》中認可的原告主體特征進行總結(jié)，并結(jié)合具體情況對原告主體范圍進行概括。同時，從理論和現(xiàn)實角度出發(fā)，對未賦予公民原告資格問題進行討論。結(jié)合當事人制度、濫訴情況和現(xiàn)有體系上的缺失，對公民未取得原告資格的原因加以分析。 隨后，本文立足于肯定賦予公民原告資格的立場，對公民取得原告資格的合理性進行討論。根據(jù)我國現(xiàn)有法律法規(guī)的規(guī)定，為公民取得原告資格尋求理論支持。從現(xiàn)實情況出發(fā)，分析訴訟成本對公民濫訴情況的抑制作用，間接地為公民取得原告資格的合理性提供支持。通過比較公民與熱議的幾類訴訟主體，突顯出公民作為民事公益訴訟原告的優(yōu)勢。在分析賦予公民原告資格的社會價值和意義的基礎上，進一步肯定公民取得原告資格的合理性。 最后，本文從程序建構(gòu)和制度保障兩條主線出發(fā)，為公民參與民事公益訴訟活動提供程序和制度上的支持。在程序建構(gòu)問題上，本文在參考訴訟信托制度的基礎上，對公民提起民事公益訴訟進行規(guī)范化。在借鑒域外訴前審查機制的基礎上，提出適合我國的立案前置審查程序。在結(jié)合實踐中遇到的民事公益訴訟案件類型后，對公民提起的民事公益訴訟案件類型及管轄問題進行討論。從司法公正透明的角度出發(fā)，建議將立案公告與判決公告應用于民事公益訴訟中。在制度保障問題上，本文主要圍繞訴訟成本問題進行研究，分別以訴訟費用制度以及公益基金制度為著眼點。在分析傳統(tǒng)訴訟費用制度的優(yōu)劣后，對其提出幾點改良的建議。由于單純地改良訴訟費用制度并不能從根本上解決訴訟成本存在的問題，在參考域外解決訴訟成本問題的方法后，提出適合我國的公益基金制度建立設想，從公益基金的來源和使用問題上，對該設想進行完善，以便對訴訟成本問題提出新的解決途徑。 域外某些國家在經(jīng)歷多年的實踐后總結(jié)出的經(jīng)驗，對我國民事公益訴訟制度的完善具有極為重要的價值。本文在參考和借鑒的基礎上，更加注重分析我國的現(xiàn)實情況，更加注重理論與實際的有效結(jié)合。隨著相關(guān)司法解釋的出臺，以及我國民事公益訴訟制度的逐步完善，賦予公民原告資格具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。無論在司法實踐領(lǐng)域，亦或在社會公共利益的有效維護方面，公民的參與均會發(fā)揮巨大的作用。
[Abstract]:With the development of the economy, various kinds of new social problems are emerging. In recent years, events that have damaged social and public interests have erupted, especially the problem of environmental pollution and the infringement of the legitimate rights and interests of consumers is the most serious. The problem of establishing public interest litigation system has been put on the agenda for a long time in the Chinese academic circles. The subject of the plaintiff qualification in civil public interest litigation in the provisions has been a hot issue at present. The specific articles only give a general description of the subject of the plaintiff's qualification, and there is no citizen in the discussion. Whether the citizen should be given the qualification of the plaintiff should be further discussed.
The establishment of public interest litigation system has broken through the traditional party system. With the need of social development, the scope of the main body of the plaintiff will be challenged. Citizens are the most basic units of social composition, and the social public interests are closely related to their lives. Citizens are the most active advocates and executors of the public interests. The study of the plaintiff qualification to civil civil public interest litigation is aimed at affirming the reasonableness and necessity of giving the plaintiff qualification. At the same time, in view of the lack of existing procedures and systems, practical and reasonable suggestions are put forward so that citizens can be more supported on the protection of social public interests.
This paper, based on the affirmative position of the citizen's plaintiff qualification, and under the guidance of the logical thinking mode of putting forward questions, analyzing problems and solving problems, taking into account the possible problems in two aspects of procedural construction and system guarantee, from theory and practice, provides theoretical and practical support for the civil plaintiff qualification, and protects the public for the citizens. More security is provided by the common interests.
First of all, this article explains the status of the civil public interest litigation system in China, summarizes the characteristics of the plaintiff's subject approved in the civil procedure law, and summarizes the scope of the plaintiff's subject in combination with the specific circumstances. At the same time, from the theoretical and practical point of view, the issue of the plaintiff qualification has not been discussed. Combined with the litigant system, the situation of excessive litigation and the lack of the existing system, the reasons for citizens not obtaining the plaintiff qualification are analyzed.
Then, based on the affirmative position of the citizen's plaintiff qualification, this paper discusses the rationality of citizens' qualification for the plaintiff. According to the provisions of the existing laws and regulations of China, it seeks the theoretical support for the citizens to obtain the plaintiff qualification. To provide support for the reasonableness of the plaintiff's qualification. By comparing the subjects of civil and hot arguments, it highlights the superiority of the citizen as the plaintiff of the civil public interest litigation. On the basis of analyzing the social value and significance of the civil plaintiff qualification, it further affirms the reasonableness of the citizen's acquisition of the plaintiff's qualification.
Finally, from the two main lines of procedural construction and system guarantee, this paper provides procedural and institutional support for civil participation in civil public interest litigation. On the basis of the procedure construction, this article standardizing civil public interest litigation on the basis of reference to the litigation trust system. In the case of civil public interest litigation cases encountered in practice, the types of civil public interest litigation cases and jurisdiction issues raised by citizens are discussed. From the perspective of judicial fairness and transparency, it is suggested that the announcement of case and decision announcement be applied to civil public interest litigation. On the issue of degree guarantee, this paper focuses on the cost of litigation, taking the litigation cost system and the public welfare fund system as the point of view. After analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional litigation cost system, this paper puts forward some suggestions for improvement. The problem, after referring to the method of solving the problem of the cost of litigation, put forward the idea of establishing a public welfare fund system suitable for our country, and perfected the idea from the source and use of the public welfare fund, so as to put forward a new solution to the cost of litigation.
The experience summed up by some foreign countries after years of practice is of great importance to the perfection of the civil public interest litigation system in China. On the basis of reference and reference, this article pays more attention to the analysis of the reality of our country and pays more attention to the effective combination of theory and practice. With the introduction of relevant judicial interpretations, and I The gradual perfection of civil public interest litigation system in China is of great practical significance to the civil plaintiff qualification. Both in the field of judicial practice and in the effective maintenance of social public interests, the participation of citizens will play a great role.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.1

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本文編號：2067208