發(fā)布時間：2018-06-25 17:26

  本文選題：技術(shù)偵查 + 隱私權(quán)��； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會的發(fā)展、法治的進(jìn)步，人們逐漸認(rèn)識到保障隱私權(quán)對于實(shí)現(xiàn)個人自由、維護(hù)人性尊嚴(yán)、促進(jìn)社會發(fā)展具有重要意義，在刑事訴訟中保護(hù)隱私權(quán)的呼聲也越來越強(qiáng)烈。技術(shù)偵查由于兼具有技術(shù)性、秘密性與順向性，相較其他偵查行為而言對公民隱私權(quán)更具侵犯性，可以說技術(shù)偵查是在常態(tài)社會條件下最深刻地影響公民隱私權(quán)的國家權(quán)力運(yùn)作程序之一，現(xiàn)行《刑事訴訟法》首次將技術(shù)偵查措施納入規(guī)制范圍，對技術(shù)偵查措施適用的案件范圍、決定與執(zhí)行主體、實(shí)施期限、保密義務(wù)、相關(guān)材料的保管與使用及其證據(jù)能力等作出了規(guī)定，在刑事程序基本法的層面為相對人隱私權(quán)的保障提供了法律依據(jù)，但相關(guān)規(guī)定還不完善，理論研究也有待深入，因此，本文將技術(shù)偵查中的隱私權(quán)保護(hù)問題作為研究對象，全文分四個部分對這一論題加以闡述。 第一部分是技術(shù)偵查中的隱私權(quán)保護(hù)概述。在此部分首先明確技術(shù)偵查指的是公安機(jī)關(guān)、人民檢察院為了偵查犯罪，根據(jù)國家有關(guān)規(guī)定，利用科學(xué)技術(shù)設(shè)備對人、地、事同步進(jìn)行監(jiān)控的一類秘密偵查措施，包括：通信監(jiān)控、行蹤監(jiān)控、記錄監(jiān)控、場所監(jiān)控等秘密的專門技術(shù)手段。然后從必要性、可行性與國際發(fā)展趨勢三方面論證了隱私權(quán)是一項(xiàng)憲法基本權(quán)利。再通過分析技術(shù)偵查與隱私權(quán)存在的合理性，得出應(yīng)當(dāng)對二者進(jìn)行雙向度的調(diào)節(jié)，以在偵查需要與隱私權(quán)保障之間保持適度的平衡的結(jié)論。最后，通過介紹、分析國外的相關(guān)理論后，指出應(yīng)綜合采取合理的隱私期待標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與價值權(quán)衡的方法來界定技術(shù)偵查中隱私權(quán)保護(hù)的范圍。 第二部分是技術(shù)偵查中隱私權(quán)保護(hù)的比較法考察。本部分從技術(shù)偵查措施的適用條件、期限、審批程序、監(jiān)督與救濟(jì)程序等方面分別對美、英、德、日四個國家技術(shù)偵查中隱私權(quán)保護(hù)的相關(guān)做法進(jìn)行了介紹，在此基礎(chǔ)上對主要法治國家技術(shù)偵查中隱私權(quán)保護(hù)的共通性做法進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，以期為我國提供有益的借鑒。 第三部分是我國技術(shù)偵查中隱私權(quán)保護(hù)存在的問題。本部分分析了現(xiàn)行法律規(guī)定存在的問題，包括：技術(shù)偵查措施適用的案件范圍規(guī)定模糊、適用條件過于寬松、內(nèi)部行政審批方式無法防止權(quán)力濫用、有關(guān)材料的使用規(guī)定不明確、監(jiān)督措施缺乏可操作性、隱私權(quán)被不當(dāng)限制的公民救濟(jì)權(quán)缺失。 第四部分是我國技術(shù)偵查中隱私權(quán)保護(hù)制度的完善。由于技術(shù)偵查措施的啟動與實(shí)施會限制作為憲法基本權(quán)利的隱私權(quán)，因而它是一類強(qiáng)制偵查行為，完善有關(guān)制度時與實(shí)務(wù)操作中都要遵循強(qiáng)制偵查所共有的原則，，包括：程序法定原則、比例原則、司法審查原則。本部分在明確了技術(shù)偵查應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守的基本原則后，從技術(shù)偵查措施適用的案件范圍、適用條件、審批程序、所獲材料的使用、監(jiān)督與救濟(jì)程序五個方面提出完善我國技術(shù)偵查中隱私權(quán)保護(hù)的相關(guān)規(guī)定的具體構(gòu)想。
[Abstract]:With the development of the society and the progress of the rule of law, people gradually realize that the protection of privacy is of great significance for the realization of personal freedom, the maintenance of human dignity and the promotion of social development, and the voice of protecting the right of privacy in criminal proceedings is becoming stronger and stronger. Technical investigation is more intrusive to the right to privacy of citizens than other investigative acts because of its technical nature, secrecy and orientation. It can be said that technical investigation is one of the operating procedures of state power which has the most profound influence on citizens' right to privacy under the normal social conditions. The present Criminal procedure Law for the first time brings technical investigation measures into the scope of regulation. The scope of cases applicable to technical investigation measures, the determination and enforcement of the subject, the time limit for implementation, the obligation of confidentiality, the custody and use of relevant materials and their evidentiary capacity, etc., have been stipulated. The basic law of criminal procedure provides the legal basis for the protection of the relative person's right to privacy, but the relevant provisions are not perfect, and the theoretical research needs to be further studied. Therefore, this paper takes the protection of privacy in the technical investigation as the object of study. The thesis is divided into four parts. The first part is the summary of privacy protection in technical investigation. In this part, first of all, it is clear that the technical investigation refers to a kind of secret investigation measures that the public security organs, the people's procuratorates, in order to investigate crimes, use scientific and technological equipment to monitor people, places, and affairs simultaneously, according to the relevant regulations of the state. Including: communication monitoring, tracking monitoring, recording monitoring, site monitoring and other secret technical means. Then it proves that the right of privacy is a constitutional basic right from three aspects: necessity, feasibility and international development trend. Through the analysis of the rationality of the existence of technical investigation and privacy, it is concluded that they should be adjusted in both directions in order to maintain a proper balance between the needs of investigation and the protection of privacy. Finally, by introducing and analyzing the relevant theories in foreign countries, the author points out that the scope of privacy protection in technical investigation should be defined by adopting the reasonable privacy expectation standard and the method of value tradeoff. The second part is the comparative investigation of privacy protection in technical investigation. This part introduces the relevant practices of the protection of the right of privacy in the technical investigation in the United States, Britain, Germany and Japan from the aspects of the applicable conditions, the time limit, the examination and approval procedure, the supervision and the relief procedure of the technical investigation measures. On this basis, this paper summarizes the common practice of protecting the right of privacy in the technical investigation of the main countries ruled by law, in order to provide useful reference for our country. The third part is the problem of privacy protection in our technical investigation. This part analyzes the problems existing in the current legal provisions, including: the scope of cases applicable to technical investigation measures is vague, the applicable conditions are too loose, and the internal administrative examination and approval method cannot prevent the abuse of power. The use of relevant materials is unclear, the supervision measures are not operable, and the right to civil relief is not properly restricted. The fourth part is the perfection of privacy protection system in Chinese technical investigation. As the initiation and implementation of technical investigation measures will limit the right to privacy as a basic constitutional right, it is a kind of compulsory investigation behavior. When perfecting the relevant system and practical operation, we should follow the common principles of compulsory investigation. Including: the principle of legal procedure, the principle of proportionality, the principle of judicial review. After defining the basic principles that the technical investigation should abide by, this part deals with the scope of cases, applicable conditions, examination and approval procedures, and the use of the materials obtained by the technical investigation measures. Five aspects of supervision and relief procedure are put forward to perfect the relevant provisions of privacy protection in technical investigation in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.2

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 向燕;;從財(cái)產(chǎn)到隱私——美國憲法第四修正案保護(hù)重心之變遷[J];北大法律評論;2009年01期

2 向燕;;刑事偵查中隱私權(quán)領(lǐng)域的界定[J];比較法研究;2011年01期

3 何家弘;秘密偵查立法之我見[J];法學(xué)雜志;2004年06期

4 王戩;汪振林;;隱私權(quán):刑事程序基本權(quán)[J];法學(xué)家;2003年04期

5 李明;監(jiān)聽問題立法研究[J];法學(xué);2004年07期

6 屠振宇;;未列舉基本權(quán)利的認(rèn)定方法[J];法學(xué);2007年09期

7 屠振宇;;從Griswold案看憲法隱私權(quán)的確立[J];法制現(xiàn)代化研究;2007年00期

8 鄧立軍;;非法監(jiān)聽所獲材料之證據(jù)能力的比較法考察[J];中國人民公安大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會科學(xué)版);2008年04期

9 王屏;;技術(shù)偵查中公民隱私權(quán)的保護(hù)[J];公安研究;2007年06期

10 謝佑平;鄧立軍;;德國的秘密偵查制度[J];甘肅政法學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2011年06期

本文編號：2066911