本文選題：案外人 + 申請再審��； 參考：《遼寧大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：民事再審程序是一種特殊的救濟程序，是民事訴訟理論的重要組成部分。民事再審程序存在一類特殊的啟動主體，即案外人。在我國的司法實踐中，生效裁判損害案外人的利益，案外人因此提出異議并向人民法院申請?zhí)幚淼那闆r并不少見。最高人民法院《關(guān)于適用中華人民共和國民事訴訟法審判監(jiān)督程序若干問題的解釋》的實行，使得案外人享有了針對損害其權(quán)益的生效裁判而向人民法院提請再審的權(quán)利。但由于目前的法律規(guī)定的內(nèi)容是有限的，導(dǎo)致案外人行使提請再審的權(quán)利困難重重。本文著力于研究案外人申請再審制度的理論及實踐意義，通過比較分析相關(guān)制度，提出我國該制度的現(xiàn)狀及存在問題，并針對問題找出完善該制度的相關(guān)對策。本文概述了案外人申請再審的基本理論，提出確定適格的案外人是適用該程序的基礎(chǔ)之一，盡管法律和司法解釋沒有對此作出明確的規(guī)定，筆者通過對以往學(xué)說的分析綜合，提出確定適格案外人的幾點標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。此外，必須以民事訴訟基礎(chǔ)理論作為支撐才使得案外人申請再審制度能夠確立。筆者認(rèn)為，案外人申請再審的基礎(chǔ)理論主要包括權(quán)利救濟理論，裁判請求權(quán)保障理論，民事訴權(quán)保障理論和正當(dāng)程序理論。案外人申請再審具有保護(hù)案外人權(quán)益，抑制虛假訴訟的功能，而且有利于維護(hù)裁判的客觀公正，保障司法權(quán)威。另外，我國現(xiàn)有法律和司法解釋針對案外人申請再審的規(guī)定還有很多問題需要改進(jìn)。筆者提出了問題并闡述了對應(yīng)的完善建議，在分析了現(xiàn)有案外人申請再審制度規(guī)定之后，從案外人的范圍，申請再審事由種類，審查標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，審查程序及再審案件的審理程序等方面提出建設(shè)性意見，以完善案外人申請再審制度�，F(xiàn)行法律和司法解釋主要規(guī)定了對執(zhí)行標(biāo)的或執(zhí)行標(biāo)的物提出異議的案外人有權(quán)申請再審，筆者認(rèn)為，這樣的規(guī)定使得可行使再審權(quán)的案外人的范圍過窄并且限制了申請再審的事由。人民法院受理案外人執(zhí)行異議之后，需要對申請再審的事由進(jìn)行審查，由于案外人不同于原訴當(dāng)事人的法律地位，，法律規(guī)定的申請再審事由并不完全適用于案外人申請再審，筆者認(rèn)為，應(yīng)該完善相關(guān)規(guī)定，保障案外人權(quán)益。我國人民法院針對案外人提出的執(zhí)行異議，首先是對申請理由進(jìn)行審查，符合法律規(guī)定，做裁定書提審或發(fā)回重審，不符合法定事由的駁回再審申請。案外人不是法律規(guī)定的有權(quán)啟動再審程序的主體，司法實踐中，案外人常常遇到申訴無門的困境，因此，筆者認(rèn)為，我國應(yīng)該建立案外人再審之訴制度，將案外人的申訴權(quán)變成真正的訴權(quán)。
[Abstract]:The civil retrial procedure is a special relief procedure and an important part of the theory of civil procedure. There is a special type of starting subject in the civil retrial procedure, that is, the person outside the case. In the judicial practice of our country, it is effective to judge the interests of the outsiders in the case of damage, and the outsiders put forward different opinions and apply for treatment to the people's court. See. The implementation of the interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on the application of the judicial supervision procedure of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China, which makes the outsider having the right to request a retrial to the people's court for the effect of an effective umpire on the rights and interests of the people. But because the present law is limited, it leads to the exercise of the case by the outsiders. The right to retrial is difficult. This article focuses on the study of the theoretical and practical significance of the application of the retrial system by outsiders. Through the comparison and analysis of the relevant systems, the present situation and existing problems of the system in China are put forward, and the relevant countermeasures to improve the system are found out in view of the problems. This article outlines the basic theory of the application for retrial by the outsiders, and puts forward the determination of the basic theory of the retrial. The outsider of the case is one of the bases for the application of the procedure. Although the legal and judicial interpretations do not make it clear, the author, through the analysis and synthesis of the previous theories, puts forward several criteria for determining the outsider of the case. In addition, it must be supported by the basic theory of civil litigation so that the retrial system of the outsiders can be established. The author believes that the basic theories of the case for retrial include the theory of right relief, the theory of the guarantee of the right of referee, the theory of the civil litigious right and the theory of due process. The application of the case to the case of the case of the case is to protect the rights and interests of the outsiders, to restrain the function of the false litigation, and to safeguard the objective justice of the referee, and to safeguard the judicial authority. In addition, there are still many problems in the existing legal and judicial interpretations of the legal and judicial interpretations of the case for retrial. The author puts forward the problems and expounds the corresponding suggestions. After analyzing the provisions of the retrial system of the outsiders, the scope of the outsiders, the application of the retrial, the examination standards, the review procedure and the retrial are discussed. Constructive opinions are put forward in the trial procedure of the case to improve the application of the retrial system. The current legal and judicial interpretation mainly stipulates that the outsider who objected to the subject matter or the object of execution has the right to apply for retrial. The author believes that such a provision makes the scope of the outsider of the retrial right too narrow and limited. After the people's court accepts the objection, it is necessary to examine the reasons for the application of the retrial. As the case is different from the legal status of the original litigant, the application of the retrial is not completely applicable to the applicant for retrial. The author believes that the relevant provisions should be perfected to protect the outsiders. Rights and interests. The execution objections put forward by the people's Court of our country are first to review the reasons for the application, to comply with the law, to make a ruling or to retrial, and to dismiss the application for retrial of the retrial. The outsider is not the subject of the law's right to start the retrial. In judicial practice, the outsiders often meet Shen. Therefore, the author believes that China should establish a system of retrial litigation for outsiders, and turn the right of appeal from the outsider to the real right of action.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.1

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