本文選題：刑事證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn) + 排除合理懷疑�。� 參考：《中國政法大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：刑事證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一直是我國理論界與實務(wù)界關(guān)注的重大問題,其中關(guān)于定罪的證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)更是研究的核心。英美法系與大陸法系分別將其刑事定罪證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)表述為“排除合理懷疑”與“內(nèi)心確信”,而我國長期以來則一直堅持“案件事實清楚,證據(jù)確實、充分”的刑事定罪證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn),該證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在司法實踐中存在著諸如理想化、模糊化等問題,不利于法官具體操作,甚至引發(fā)了一系列的冤假錯案。為了解決該證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在實踐中出現(xiàn)的種種問題,我國在2012年新修訂的《刑事訴訟法》中引入了“排除合理懷疑”作為刑事證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的一部分,使我國的刑事證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)取得了實質(zhì)性的發(fā)展。但是我國司法人員對于主觀性證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的適用比較陌生,且“排除合理懷疑”的證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)長期應(yīng)用于英美法系國家的司法環(huán)境中,也不宜將其在國外的適用方法與具體內(nèi)涵完全移植于我國的刑事司法實踐中,所以,對于現(xiàn)行的新刑事證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn),應(yīng)當(dāng)結(jié)合我國的理論體系與司法背景進行本土化的理解與適用,與我國原本的“證據(jù)確實、充分”證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進行相互融合與完善。本文除引言與結(jié)論外,共分三章,主要內(nèi)容如下:第一章,刑事證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的基本理論。本章主要對證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的概念進行了探討,認為應(yīng)當(dāng)區(qū)分證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、證明要求與證明目的等術(shù)語,對其進行精細化定義。同時,就證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的兩種主要學(xué)說——客觀真實說與法律真實說,展開了討論與比較,明確了證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的兩種價值基礎(chǔ)。本章還闡述了國外兩大法系刑事定罪證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的發(fā)展與內(nèi)涵,以便為我國刑事定罪證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的分析與改進提供一些參考。第二章,我國的刑事定罪證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本章詳細闡述了我國原本刑事定罪證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的特點與缺陷,如證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)過于嚴(yán)格導(dǎo)致不易實現(xiàn),過于強調(diào)客觀層面的要求,忽略了法官內(nèi)心的評價等等,揭示了“排除合理懷疑”在我國入法的現(xiàn)實背景。同時,對現(xiàn)行的刑事定罪證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進行了詳細的探究,分析了我國現(xiàn)行刑事定罪證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的價值基礎(chǔ)、“排除合理懷疑”在我國現(xiàn)行證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的定位以及“排除合理懷疑”與“證據(jù)確實、充分”之間的關(guān)系。最后,總結(jié)了我國司法實踐中對于“疑罪”的處理與裁判,并結(jié)合相關(guān)法律與具體案例對證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進行論述。第三章,刑事定罪證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的發(fā)展方向。本章著重論述了我國現(xiàn)行刑事定罪證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在適用過程中仍然存在具體內(nèi)涵不清、證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)粗放、證據(jù)規(guī)則缺陷等問題,并針對以上問題提出應(yīng)當(dāng)明確證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)內(nèi)涵、確立證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)層次性、加強外部保障以及健全證據(jù)規(guī)則等合理化建議。
[Abstract]:The standard of criminal proof has always been a major concern in the theoretical and practical circles of our country, among which the standard of proof of conviction is the core of the research. The standard of proof of criminal conviction is expressed as "beyond reasonable doubt" and "inner conviction" in Anglo-American law system and civil law system respectively, while our country has been insisting for a long time that "the facts of the case are clear and the evidence is true." The sufficient "standard of proof of criminal conviction", which has problems such as idealization and fuzziness in judicial practice, is not conducive to the concrete operation of the judge, and even leads to a series of unjust and false cases. In order to solve the problems in practice, China introduced "beyond reasonable doubt" as part of the standard of criminal proof in the newly revised Criminal procedure Law in 2012. The standard of criminal proof in our country has made substantial development. However, the application of the subjective standard of proof is unfamiliar to the judicial personnel in our country, and the standard of proof "beyond reasonable doubt" has been applied to the judicial environment of the common law countries for a long time. It is also not appropriate to transplant the applicable methods and specific connotations in foreign countries into the criminal judicial practice of our country, therefore, for the existing new criminal proof standards, We should combine the theoretical system and judicial background of our country with the understanding and application of localization, and merge and perfect with the original proof standard of "evidence is true and sufficient" in our country. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into three chapters, the main contents are as follows: chapter one, the basic theory of the standard of criminal proof. In this chapter, the concept of standard of proof is discussed, and the terms of standard of proof, requirement of proof and purpose of proof should be distinguished and defined in detail. At the same time, this paper discusses and compares the two main theories of the standard of proof, namely, the theory of objective truth and the theory of legal truth, and clarifies the two value bases of the standard of proof. This chapter also expounds the development and connotation of the standard of proof of criminal conviction in two major legal systems of foreign countries, in order to provide some references for the analysis and improvement of the standard of proof of criminal conviction in our country. The second chapter, our country's criminal conviction proof standard. This chapter elaborates in detail the characteristics and defects of the original standard of proof of criminal conviction in China, such as that the standard of proof is too strict to be easily realized, that too much emphasis is placed on the requirements of objective aspects, and that the judge's inner evaluation is ignored, and so on. It reveals the realistic background of "beyond reasonable doubt" in China. At the same time, it makes a detailed research on the current standard of proof of criminal conviction, and analyzes the value foundation of the current standard of proof of criminal conviction in our country. The position of "beyond reasonable doubt" in the current standard of proof in China and the relationship between "eliminating reasonable doubt" and "evidence is true and sufficient". Finally, the author summarizes the handling and adjudication of "suspected crime" in China's judicial practice, and discusses the standard of proof in combination with relevant laws and specific cases. The third chapter, the development direction of the criminal conviction proof standard. This chapter focuses on the existing criminal conviction certification standards in China in the process of application still exist in the specific connotation of unclear, extensive standards of proof, evidence rules defects and other issues, and to the above problems should be clear proof standard connotation, Establish the level of proof standards, strengthen the external protection and improve the rules of evidence and other reasonable suggestions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D925.2

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本文編號：1999165