本文關(guān)鍵詞： 公安機(jī)關(guān) 鑒定人員出庭 鑒定人意見　出處：《中國社會(huì)科學(xué)院研究生院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：由于公安機(jī)關(guān)“自偵自鑒”的工作體制,我國公安機(jī)關(guān)鑒定人出具的鑒定人意見一直飽受詬病,而公安機(jī)關(guān)鑒定人出庭也是現(xiàn)階段司法體制改革一個(gè)值得關(guān)注的問題。根據(jù)我國相關(guān)法律規(guī)定,鑒定人意見作為一類形式的證據(jù),其必須經(jīng)過質(zhì)證方可作為定罪量刑的依據(jù)。對鑒定人意見的質(zhì)證是法官審查,核實(shí)其證據(jù)能力和證明力的法定流程。鑒定人員通過出席庭審過程,回答與鑒定意見有關(guān)的事項(xiàng),使控辯雙方針對其提供的鑒定人意見發(fā)表質(zhì)疑,陳述意見,相關(guān)人員也可以通過觀察、詢問、分析相關(guān)內(nèi)容等方式判斷鑒定人意見是否可以被采納,從而確保法庭審查、質(zhì)詢查證、庭審辯論等程序的有序進(jìn)行。近幾年,我國在鑒定人的出庭法律制度上作出了重大改進(jìn),但是針對公安機(jī)關(guān)鑒定人這一特殊群體出庭所面臨問題的相關(guān)論述較少,且缺乏實(shí)證研究。本文針對司法鑒定人相關(guān)理論進(jìn)行闡述,從日常接觸的公安機(jī)關(guān)鑒定人的出庭工作著手,研究其出庭面臨的各種問題及原因并提出相應(yīng)的改進(jìn)措施。第一部分采用語義分析法闡釋了司法鑒定及司法鑒定人員出庭作證等基礎(chǔ)理論的內(nèi)涵。第二部分用理論分析的方法簡單梳理了司法鑒定人員出庭的背景及相關(guān)法律條文規(guī)定的發(fā)展歷程,從1979年、1996年《刑事訴訟法》開始針對我國鑒定人員出庭制定了相關(guān)的法律條文到2012年刑訴法修正案完善了對鑒定人員出庭的規(guī)定,其間發(fā)布了多種有關(guān)鑒定人的出庭的基本內(nèi)容的相關(guān)司法解釋、規(guī)章制度等。第三部分著重強(qiáng)調(diào)司法鑒定人員出庭的各種價(jià)值,如有助于推進(jìn)司法制度公開透明化;是鑒定人員履行法定義務(wù),實(shí)現(xiàn)鑒定意見質(zhì)證的有效措施;是化解矛盾沖突,維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的有效手段。第四部分是從本人實(shí)際工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)出發(fā)描述公安機(jī)關(guān)鑒定人這一特殊鑒定人群體出庭所面臨的問題:中立性不足,怠于出庭且出庭效果不理想。第五部分就公安機(jī)關(guān)鑒定人的出庭面臨的問題分析其中原因,主要包括公安機(jī)關(guān)鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置不合理,人員相對短缺,且法律素養(yǎng)不夠,缺乏專業(yè)的法庭知識(shí)培訓(xùn)。第六部分則是針對上述問題提出相關(guān)的改進(jìn)方法,包括更改機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置,出臺(tái)相關(guān)法律條文的司法解釋以及加強(qiáng)公安機(jī)關(guān)鑒定人的相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)培訓(xùn)。理想的鑒定人的出庭不是一蹴而就的,而是需要鑒定人在不斷的出庭過程中吸取不足教訓(xùn),總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn),不斷完善自身出庭工作。我國的公安司法機(jī)關(guān)鑒定人員出庭制度還有很長的路要走,期間會(huì)面臨各種問題,出現(xiàn)許多爭議。本文只是從個(gè)人實(shí)際工作中所面臨的一些情況出發(fā),針對其中的一小部分問題進(jìn)行闡述并發(fā)表個(gè)人意見,期望本文對公安司法機(jī)關(guān)鑒定人員出庭發(fā)展能有所推進(jìn)。
[Abstract]:As a result of the public security organs' work system of "self-investigation and self-evaluation", the opinions of appraisers issued by our country's public security organs have been criticized all the time. However, the appearance of expert witnesses in public security organs is also a matter of concern for the reform of the judicial system at this stage. According to the relevant laws and regulations of our country, the opinions of experts are regarded as a kind of form of evidence. The cross-examination of the expert's opinion is the legal process by which the judge examines and verifies his evidentiary capacity and power of proof. The appraiser answers the matters related to the expert opinion by attending the court hearing. To enable the prosecution and defence sides to question and state their opinions against the expert opinions provided by them, and the relevant personnel may also judge whether the experts' opinions can be adopted through observation, inquiry and analysis of relevant contents, so as to ensure court review. In recent years, our country has made great improvements in the legal system of authenticators appearing in court, but there are few related discussions on the problems faced by this special group of experts in public security organs. And the lack of empirical research. This article is related to the theory of judicial experts to elaborate, from the daily contact of the public security organ experts to work in court, The first part uses semantic analysis to explain the connotation of the basic theories of forensic expertise and forensic experts testifying in court. The second part uses theory. The method of analysis simply combs the background of forensic personnel appearing in court and the development course of relevant legal provisions. From 1979 to 1996, the Criminal procedure Law began to formulate relevant legal provisions for the appearance of appraisers in our country. In 2012, the amendment of the Criminal procedure Law perfected the provisions on the appearance of appellants. During the publication of a variety of relevant judicial interpretation of the basic content of experts in court, rules and regulations, etc. The third part emphasizes the value of forensic experts in court, such as to promote the transparency of the judicial system; It is an effective measure for appraisers to fulfill their legal obligations and to carry out cross-examination of appraisal opinions; it is also an effective measure to resolve contradictions and conflicts, The effective means of maintaining social stability. Part 4th describes the problems faced by the special group of authenticators in public security organs from their actual work experience: lack of neutrality, Part 5th analyzes the causes of the problems faced by public security organ appraisers in court, mainly including unreasonable setting of public security organ appraisal organization, relative shortage of personnel, and insufficient legal literacy. Lack of professional training in court knowledge. Part 6th proposes relevant improvements to the above issues, including changes in institutional settings, The introduction of judicial interpretation of relevant legal provisions and the strengthening of relevant professional training for authenticators in public security organs. The ideal judge's appearance in court is not accomplished overnight, but requires the expert to draw insufficient lessons and sum up experience in the course of continuous court attendance. There is still a long way to go in our country's public security judicial organ appraisal personnel's appearance in court system. During this period, there will be a variety of problems and many disputes will arise. This article only starts from some situations faced by individuals in their actual work. In view of a small part of the problems and personal opinions, it is expected that this paper can promote the development of the forensic personnel of public security organs in court.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國社會(huì)科學(xué)院研究生院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D925.2

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