【摘要】：網(wǎng)上銀行業(yè)務(wù),是指銀行通過(guò)因特網(wǎng)提供的金融服務(wù)。目前國(guó)內(nèi)網(wǎng)上銀行業(yè)務(wù)主要有個(gè)人網(wǎng)銀與企業(yè)網(wǎng)銀,業(yè)務(wù)品種主要有查詢(xún)、轉(zhuǎn)帳、代繳費(fèi)、速匯通、網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物支付以及銀證轉(zhuǎn)帳、外匯買(mǎi)賣(mài)、代發(fā)代扣、B2B(Business to Business)網(wǎng)上支付及國(guó)際業(yè)務(wù)、集團(tuán)理財(cái)?shù)取?20世紀(jì)90年代以來(lái),電子商務(wù)高速發(fā)展,有力地推動(dòng)了網(wǎng)上銀行業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展。由于網(wǎng)上銀行業(yè)務(wù)是一種全新的銀行業(yè)務(wù),相關(guān)立法和監(jiān)管規(guī)定的缺位和不足,導(dǎo)致網(wǎng)上銀行業(yè)務(wù)在開(kāi)展過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)一系列的法律問(wèn)題。為了保障該項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)的健康有序地發(fā)展,必須加強(qiáng)規(guī)范管理,切實(shí)加大監(jiān)管力度。對(duì)網(wǎng)上銀行設(shè)定嚴(yán)格的市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入條件,完善市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入程序,要求開(kāi)展該項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)的銀行必須履行規(guī)定的申請(qǐng)、審批以及備案等手續(xù)。 針對(duì)網(wǎng)上銀行在發(fā)展過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的大量的法律問(wèn)題,需要立法及時(shí)跟進(jìn),進(jìn)行相關(guān)的法律規(guī)制。雖然《中華人民共和國(guó)電子簽名法》和《電子認(rèn)證服務(wù)業(yè)管理辦法》出臺(tái)后,對(duì)界定銀行與客戶(hù)之間的權(quán)利義務(wù),明確網(wǎng)上銀行業(yè)務(wù)中產(chǎn)生的法律責(zé)任具有重要作用。但是很多法律法規(guī)需要進(jìn)一步建立、健全和完善。必須修改中國(guó)人民銀行出臺(tái)的《網(wǎng)上銀行業(yè)務(wù)管理暫行辦法》;健全數(shù)字化貨幣發(fā)行法律體系;完善有關(guān)民商法的法律制度;有必要盡快完善民事訴訟法的相關(guān)規(guī)定;網(wǎng)絡(luò)銀行涉及的網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪問(wèn)題種類(lèi)繁多,現(xiàn)行刑法已難以進(jìn)行有效規(guī)范,有必要對(duì)刑法進(jìn)行立法變革等等。由于在網(wǎng)上銀行業(yè)務(wù)中消費(fèi)者處于相對(duì)弱勢(shì)的一方,在結(jié)合國(guó)外實(shí)踐的基礎(chǔ)上,筆者從法律角度提出了對(duì)消費(fèi)者進(jìn)行特殊保護(hù)的方法和措施:一是消費(fèi)者和銀行的各自防范措施,如消費(fèi)者個(gè)人注意防止交易工具的遺失、密碼的泄露;二是國(guó)家以法律的方式確立強(qiáng)制性的消費(fèi)者保護(hù)機(jī)制。另外,網(wǎng)絡(luò)的國(guó)際化、全球化促成了以網(wǎng)絡(luò)為基礎(chǔ)的網(wǎng)上銀行業(yè)務(wù)及其有關(guān)法律問(wèn)題的國(guó)際化。鑒于此,筆者還提出跨國(guó)網(wǎng)上銀行業(yè)務(wù)中法律適用與管轄權(quán)沖突問(wèn)題的解決途徑:一是國(guó)內(nèi)法制的途徑,即通過(guò)國(guó)內(nèi)沖突法來(lái)確定所適用的法律及管轄法院;二是通過(guò)國(guó)際協(xié)調(diào)的途徑解決,即由國(guó)家之間的雙邊或多邊的協(xié)定使法律沖突和管轄權(quán)沖突得以解決。
[Abstract]:Internet banking business refers to the financial services provided by banks through the Internet. At present, there are mainly personal and enterprise online banking in domestic online banking business. The main types of business include inquiry, transfer of accounts, payment of fees, express remittance, online shopping and payment and transfer of bank certificates, foreign exchange trading, issuance and withholding. B2B (Business to Business) online payment and international business, group finance and so on. Since the 1990s, the rapid development of e-commerce has effectively promoted the development of online banking business. As the online banking business is a brand-new banking business, there are a series of legal problems in the development of online banking business due to the absence and deficiency of the relevant legislation and regulation. In order to ensure the healthy and orderly development of this business, it is necessary to strengthen the standard management and strengthen the supervision. In order to establish strict market access conditions and perfect market access procedures for internet banks, banks carrying out this business are required to perform the prescribed procedures such as application, examination and approval, and record-keeping. In view of a large number of legal problems in the development of online banking, legislation should be followed up in time and related laws and regulations should be carried out. Although the Law of the people's Republic of China on Electronic signature and the measures for the Administration of Electronic Certification Services have been issued, they will play an important role in defining the rights and obligations between banks and customers and clarifying the legal liability arising from online banking. However, many laws and regulations need to be further established, sound and perfect. We must revise the interim measures for the Administration of online Banking issued by the people's Bank of China, perfect the legal system of digital currency issuance, improve the legal system of civil and commercial laws, and improve the relevant provisions of the Civil procedure Law as soon as possible. There are many kinds of network crimes involved in the network bank. The current criminal law is difficult to effectively regulate, it is necessary to carry on the legislative reform to the criminal law and so on. Because in the online banking business consumers are in a relatively weak side, on the basis of combining the practice of foreign countries, From the legal point of view, the author puts forward the methods and measures of special protection for consumers: first, the respective preventive measures of consumers and banks, such as consumers' personal attention to prevent the loss of trading tools, password leakage; The second is that the state establishes the compulsory consumer protection mechanism in the way of law. In addition, the internationalization of the network promotes the internationalization of the network-based online banking business and its related legal issues. In view of this, the author also puts forward the solutions to the conflict between the application of law and jurisdiction in the transnational online banking business: first, the way of domestic legal system, that is, to determine the applicable law and the competent court through the internal conflict law; The other is to solve the conflict of laws and jurisdiction by means of international coordination, that is, the bilateral or multilateral agreement between States can resolve the conflict of laws and jurisdiction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D923;D922.28

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