發(fā)布時間：2018-06-27 07:07

  本文選題：個人信息 + 個人信息權(quán)　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：個人信息意指與特定人相關(guān)聯(lián)，具有可辨別性、可區(qū)分性的資料素材，可以具體指自然人的姓名、聯(lián)系方式、家庭住址、消費能力、興趣愛好等。在網(wǎng)絡(luò)時代，信息的高速傳播給人們生活帶來便利的同時，也給個人信息的安全帶來了挑戰(zhàn)。由于個人信息反映了個體特征，與人身聯(lián)系緊密，在與熟人社會相對應(yīng)的陌生社會中，由個人信息勾勒的人格經(jīng)常在交往中起到舉足輕重的作用。因此不當(dāng)收集、使用、處理他人個人信息，造成個人信息權(quán)利人自由意志被限制、財產(chǎn)利益被減損甚至產(chǎn)生個人安全隱患的行為應(yīng)當(dāng)加以法律上的約束。 鑒于網(wǎng)絡(luò)活動的潛在風(fēng)險，個人信息在傳遞中的不確定性有所增加，導(dǎo)致個人信息權(quán)的侵權(quán)行為時有發(fā)生。例如，非法獲取、販賣、提供他人個人信息；手機應(yīng)用強制收集用戶個人信息等。其根本原因在于現(xiàn)階段法律把對個人信息權(quán)的保護(hù)用隱私權(quán)、名譽權(quán)代之，只有實際發(fā)生損害結(jié)果時才給予保護(hù)，而沒有規(guī)定信息收集、使用、處理者的義務(wù)，無法防患于未然，以至于在個人信息的傳遞過程中，權(quán)利人對于侵權(quán)行為毫無救濟手段，使侵權(quán)人得以利用權(quán)利人的個人信息實行更為嚴(yán)重的侵權(quán)甚至犯罪行為，這將使得權(quán)利人的人格尊嚴(yán)，人格自由，人格獨立始終處于一種危險狀態(tài)，而使這種危險狀態(tài)發(fā)生的人卻得不到相應(yīng)的責(zé)任追究，同時侵權(quán)成本較低，也是個人信息權(quán)侵權(quán)行為屢禁不止的原因之一。 目前在我國，個人信息權(quán)仍不是一項具體的人格權(quán)，有關(guān)的法律條文也只是散見于各部門法律法規(guī)或司法解釋中，未形成統(tǒng)一的法律文本，形成了個人信息權(quán)法律保護(hù)的短板。本文意在彰顯個人信息權(quán)可作為一項具體的人格權(quán)進(jìn)行法律保護(hù)，對個人信息權(quán)侵權(quán)責(zé)任的有關(guān)法律問題進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的探討和研究。關(guān)于個人信息權(quán)的救濟，有學(xué)者主張以準(zhǔn)物權(quán)請求權(quán)進(jìn)行保護(hù)，但其理論和實踐在我國還不成熟，正在探索之中。而《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》已在我國通過，，其法學(xué)理論基礎(chǔ)和司法實踐經(jīng)驗已有一定積累，因此把個人信息權(quán)的保護(hù)納入到侵權(quán)責(zé)任法的框架中，在我國現(xiàn)階段來說是最為可行的一種方法。 首先，本文通過對個人信息概念的解讀以明確個人信息權(quán)的保護(hù)對象，并對個人信息權(quán)的特點進(jìn)行闡釋以區(qū)分其與隱私權(quán)的差別，再通過對個人信息權(quán)侵權(quán)主體類型化，個人信息權(quán)侵權(quán)責(zé)任認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，個人信息權(quán)侵權(quán)責(zé)任的具體承擔(dān)形式及免責(zé)事由的討論和研究，對比現(xiàn)行法律對個人信息權(quán)的保護(hù)現(xiàn)狀，客觀反映出現(xiàn)行法對個人信息權(quán)保護(hù)的不足，并提出完善我國個人信息權(quán)侵權(quán)責(zé)任的建議。
[Abstract]:Personal information refers to the data material which is related to a particular person and can be distinguished and distinguishable. It can refer specifically to the name, contact method, home address, consumption ability, interest and hobbies of natural persons. In the era of network, the high-speed dissemination of information brings convenience to people's life, and also brings challenges to the security of personal information. Because personal information reflects individual characteristics and is closely related to person, the personality delineated by personal information often plays an important role in communication in the strange society corresponding to the society of acquaintances. Therefore, the improper collection, use and handling of other people's personal information, resulting in the free will of the holder of personal information is restricted, the property interests are impaired and even the personal security risks should be legally restricted. In view of the potential risks of network activities, the uncertainty in the transmission of personal information has increased, leading to the infringement of personal information rights from time to time. For example, illegal acquisition, trafficking, providing other people's personal information; mobile phone applications forced collection of user personal information and so on. The fundamental reason lies in the fact that at the present stage, the law uses the right of privacy to protect the right to personal information and the right of reputation to replace it, only when the result of the damage actually occurs, but it does not stipulate the obligation of the person who collects, uses and handles the information. In the process of transmission of personal information, the obligee has no remedy for the infringement, so that the infringer can make use of the personal information of the right holder to carry out more serious infringement or even criminal behavior. This will make the human dignity, freedom and independence of the right holder always in a dangerous state, while those who make this dangerous state will not be held accountable, and the cost of infringement will be lower. It is also one of the reasons why the infringement of personal information right is not prohibited. At present, the right to personal information is not a specific personality right in our country, and the relevant legal provisions are scattered in the laws and regulations of various departments or judicial interpretations, and no unified legal text has been formed, forming a short board for the legal protection of the right to personal information. The purpose of this paper is to show that the right of personal information can be protected by law as a specific right of personality, and to discuss and study systematically the legal issues related to the tort liability of the right of personal information. About the relief of personal information right, some scholars advocate to protect the right of quasi real right claim, but its theory and practice are not mature in our country, and are being explored. The Tort liability Law has been passed in our country, and its legal theory foundation and judicial practice experience have been accumulated to a certain extent, so the protection of personal information right has been brought into the framework of tort liability law. It is the most feasible method at present in our country. First of all, through the interpretation of the concept of personal information in order to clarify the object of protection of the right to personal information, and to explain the characteristics of the right to personal information to distinguish the difference between the right to personal information and privacy, and then through the personal information right infringement subject type. The standard of personal information right tort liability, the specific form of personal information right tort liability and the discussion and research on the reasons of exemption, and the comparison of the current situation of the protection of personal information right under the current law, It objectively reflects the deficiency of the protection of personal information right in current law, and puts forward some suggestions to perfect the tort liability of personal information right in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923

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