本文選題：成年監(jiān)護(hù) + 人口老齡化��； 參考：《河北師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：成年監(jiān)護(hù)是監(jiān)護(hù)制度的重要組成部分,通常認(rèn)為其起源于羅馬法。確立此制度是為了彌補(bǔ)無(wú)民事行為能力、限制民事行為能力的成年人的行為能力的不足,保護(hù)他們的民事權(quán)益不受侵犯,以及通過(guò)對(duì)他們民事行為效力的判定,來(lái)維護(hù)整個(gè)社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定。成年監(jiān)護(hù)制度在我國(guó)立法上只規(guī)定了對(duì)精神病人的特殊保護(hù),這個(gè)適用范圍是十分狹窄的。伴隨著我國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,人口壽命的增加,人們對(duì)生活質(zhì)量要求越來(lái)越高。包括我國(guó)在內(nèi)的許多國(guó)家都先后進(jìn)入了老齡化社會(huì),老年人的特殊保護(hù)問(wèn)題應(yīng)引起我們的高度關(guān)注。同時(shí),一些有身心障礙的成年人也因?yàn)樯钌系牟槐阈枰山o予特殊的保護(hù),我國(guó)立法并沒(méi)有將這些群體涵蓋進(jìn)來(lái)。另外,我國(guó)的監(jiān)護(hù)方式單一、漠視監(jiān)護(hù)人尚存意志、沒(méi)有設(shè)置專門(mén)的監(jiān)護(hù)監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)或者監(jiān)護(hù)監(jiān)督人等缺陷都不適合這個(gè)權(quán)利本位的社會(huì)。僅依靠傳統(tǒng)的監(jiān)護(hù)制度解決由此帶來(lái)的社會(huì)問(wèn)題,無(wú)法全面、有效的保障老年人和殘障成年人的合法權(quán)益,既與先進(jìn)理念、歷史傳統(tǒng)、國(guó)外先進(jìn)法律嚴(yán)重脫節(jié),也無(wú)法滿足現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的需求。因此,我國(guó)對(duì)成年監(jiān)護(hù)制度的改革刻不容緩,以便最大限度的維護(hù)老年人和身心障礙者的基本人權(quán),關(guān)心他們的生存狀況,并獲得社會(huì)的和諧穩(wěn)定。成年監(jiān)護(hù)制度兼具公法、私法的雙重屬性。在20世紀(jì)后期,西方國(guó)家受到人口老齡化的威脅,率先對(duì)本國(guó)的成年監(jiān)護(hù)制度進(jìn)行了適合各自國(guó)情的改革。比如,日本以任意監(jiān)護(hù)為核心,將法定監(jiān)護(hù)分為監(jiān)護(hù)、保佐、輔助三個(gè)等級(jí);德國(guó)強(qiáng)化了對(duì)人身的照管義務(wù);英美創(chuàng)設(shè)了持續(xù)性代理權(quán)授予制度等等。這些國(guó)家期望通過(guò)這樣的改革以達(dá)到在一定程度上緩解人口老齡化帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響。由于歷史原因,我國(guó)并沒(méi)有對(duì)成年監(jiān)護(hù)制度進(jìn)行適時(shí)的改革,這嚴(yán)重阻礙了我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、社會(huì)穩(wěn)定和法治進(jìn)步。本文以我國(guó)成年監(jiān)護(hù)制度問(wèn)題研究為題,介紹了我國(guó)成年監(jiān)護(hù)制度的現(xiàn)狀和改革的現(xiàn)實(shí)所需,并通過(guò)借鑒國(guó)外優(yōu)秀的改革經(jīng)驗(yàn),進(jìn)而提出適合我國(guó)國(guó)情的合理化建議。論文的具體內(nèi)容包括引言、正文和結(jié)論。引言主要介紹了本文的研究意義、國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀、研究思路及方法和本文的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)、創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)。正文部分包括了三個(gè)部分,第一部分主要圍繞成年監(jiān)護(hù)制度的基本概念展開(kāi),介紹了成年監(jiān)護(hù)制度的性質(zhì)和特征;第二部分對(duì)我國(guó)成年監(jiān)護(hù)制度的歷史概況、現(xiàn)狀以及完善我國(guó)成年監(jiān)護(hù)制度的必要做了論述;第三部分則是通過(guò)對(duì)前兩部分的總結(jié)提出完善我國(guó)成年監(jiān)護(hù)制度的思考,首先提出成年監(jiān)護(hù)制度應(yīng)遵循的基本原則,其次是對(duì)比兩大法系成年監(jiān)護(hù)改革的啟示,提出健全我國(guó)成年監(jiān)護(hù)制度的立法建議。除此之外,還需要在實(shí)踐應(yīng)用方面對(duì)成年監(jiān)護(hù)制度的改革提供有力的保障。結(jié)論是對(duì)本文的一個(gè)高度化概括�？傊�,在完善我國(guó)成年監(jiān)護(hù)制度的過(guò)程中,既要看到我國(guó)的成年監(jiān)護(hù)制度跟西方國(guó)家相比還存在一定的差距,還應(yīng)看到目前我國(guó)成年監(jiān)護(hù)的法律法規(guī)還不夠健全,要完成這項(xiàng)工作進(jìn)程十分艱巨。因此,必須積極借鑒其他國(guó)家的優(yōu)秀改革經(jīng)驗(yàn),以保護(hù)弱勢(shì)成年人的合法權(quán)益和維持被監(jiān)護(hù)人生活正�；认冗M(jìn)理念為基礎(chǔ),根據(jù)我國(guó)的具體國(guó)情,選擇一條充分尊重被監(jiān)護(hù)人自我決定權(quán)的立法模式來(lái)對(duì)我國(guó)成年監(jiān)護(hù)制度進(jìn)行有效的改革。
[Abstract]:Adult guardianship is an important part of the guardianship system. It is generally believed that it originated in the law of Rome. It is established to make up for the incompetence of the adults without civil capacity, to restrict the capacity of civil behavior, to protect their civil rights and interests, and to safeguard the effectiveness of their civil actions. The social stability. The adult guardianship system only stipulates the special protection for the mental patients in our country. The scope of application is very narrow. With the development of our society and economy and the increase of the population life, people are getting higher and higher on the quality of life. Many countries in China have entered the aging society successively. At the same time, the special protection of the elderly should arouse our attention. At the same time, some adults with physical and mental disorders also need special protection because of the inconvenience of life. Our legislation does not cover these groups. In addition, our country's guardianship form one, ignore the guardians still will, not set special. The defects of the guardianship supervision institution or the guardianship and so on are not suitable for the society of the right standard. It is impossible to fully and effectively guarantee the legitimate rights and interests of the elderly and the disabled adults relying on the traditional guardianship system only to solve the social problems brought by them. It is not only disconnected with advanced ideas, history tradition and advanced foreign laws, but also can not be full. Therefore, the reform of the adult guardianship system is urgent in our country so as to maintain the basic human rights of the elderly and the body and mind, care for their living conditions and achieve the harmonious and stable society. The adult guardianship system has both public law and private law. In the late twentieth Century, the western countries were subjected to the western countries. The threat of the aging of the population has taken the lead in the reform of the adult guardianship system in its own country. For example, in Japan, with arbitrary guardianship as the core, the legal guardianship is divided into guardianship, preservation, and auxiliary three levels; Germany strengthens the duty of caring for the person; the Anglo American set up a continuous agency granting system and so on. This reform is expected to alleviate the negative impact of the aging of the population to a certain extent. Due to historical reasons, China has not made a timely reform of the adult guardianship system, which has seriously hindered the economic development, social stability and the progress of the rule of law in China. This paper is a topic of the study of the adult guardianship system in China. The present situation of the adult guardianship system in our country and the reality of the reform are needed, and the rationalization proposal suitable for the national conditions of our country is put forward by using the foreign excellent reform experience for reference. The specific contents of the thesis include the introduction, the text and the conclusion. The introduction mainly introduces the significance of the research, the present situation at home and abroad, the research ideas and methods and the paper. The main body includes three parts. The first part mainly focuses on the basic concepts of adult guardianship system, introduces the nature and characteristics of adult guardianship system; the second part discusses the history of the adult guardianship system in China, the status quo and the necessity of completing the adult guardianship system in China; third parts. Through the summary of the first two parts, the chapter puts forward the thinking of perfecting the adult guardianship system in our country. First, it puts forward the basic principles that the adult guardianship system should follow. Secondly, it compares the Enlightenment of the adult guardianship reform of the two legal systems, and puts forward the legislative proposals to improve the adult guardianship system in our country. The reform of the guardianship system provides a strong guarantee. The conclusion is a high summary of this article. In a word, in the process of perfecting the adult guardianship system in our country, we should not only see the gap between the adult guardianship system of our country and the western countries, but also see that the laws and regulations of adult guardianship in our country are still not sound enough, and it should be finished. Therefore, it is necessary to learn from the excellent reform experience of other countries, to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the vulnerable adults and to maintain the advanced concept of the normalization of the lives of the guardians. According to the specific national conditions of our country, we must choose a legislative model to fully respect the self determination of the guardians. The adult guardianship system has been effectively reformed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D923

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本文編號(hào)：1957924