本文選題：機(jī)動(dòng)車 + 多重買賣��； 參考：《上海師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：機(jī)動(dòng)車多重買賣現(xiàn)象的存在,給買受人的利益帶來(lái)了重大損害,嚴(yán)重侵害了買受人的合法權(quán)益,危害了市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序,不利于我國(guó)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的正常發(fā)展,也對(duì)整個(gè)交易秩序帶來(lái)了一定的憂患,可以說(shuō),這一問(wèn)題的存在給理論和實(shí)踐都提出了很多現(xiàn)實(shí)性的問(wèn)題。我國(guó)現(xiàn)行法律對(duì)機(jī)動(dòng)車多重買賣的的規(guī)定主要體現(xiàn)在《物權(quán)法》、《最高人民法院關(guān)于審理買賣合同糾紛案件適用法律問(wèn)題的解釋》以及一些單行法規(guī)之中。但是這些法規(guī)相互之間存在著的沖突以及本身存在的爭(zhēng)議都不能給予買受人充分的法律保護(hù)。例如我國(guó)《買賣合同司法解釋》第10條明確規(guī)定了判定標(biāo)的物歸屬時(shí)的先后順序。然而,該司法解釋雖然有利于實(shí)踐中的具體應(yīng)用,但是該司法解釋并沒(méi)有從最大程度上給予買受人保護(hù),而且其中有些部分與基本的法理和當(dāng)前的法律不相符合,由此在實(shí)踐中使得買受人在尋求法律保護(hù)時(shí)遇到阻礙。因此,筆者認(rèn)為有必要對(duì)這些法律問(wèn)題進(jìn)行研究,使得買受人能夠在法律中得到更好的保護(hù)。本文通過(guò)闡述我國(guó)現(xiàn)行法律對(duì)機(jī)動(dòng)車多重買賣中買受人的保護(hù)現(xiàn)狀,著重分析了法律在保護(hù)買受人利益上的不足之處即次買受人的主觀狀態(tài)不予考慮對(duì)先買受人不公;債權(quán)原則的破壞,損害了其他買受人的利益;交付的優(yōu)先性使得已登記的買受人不能得到法律充分的保護(hù);先行支付買受人的利益未予考慮;賣家故意規(guī)避法律嚴(yán)重?fù)p害本應(yīng)得到合同履行買家的利益。然后,筆者分析不同國(guó)家對(duì)機(jī)動(dòng)車多重買賣中買受人保護(hù)的現(xiàn)狀以及對(duì)我國(guó)的啟示,即不同物權(quán)變動(dòng)模式的國(guó)家對(duì)買受人保護(hù)的程度不一致,債權(quán)意思主義模式的國(guó)家一般不會(huì)發(fā)生多重買賣。物權(quán)形式主義的國(guó)家由于債權(quán)行為與物權(quán)行為的相分離,比較容易發(fā)生多重買賣的現(xiàn)象。而債權(quán)形式主義雖然保障了交易便捷,維護(hù)了交易安全,在一定程度上平衡了各方的利益,但是如若機(jī)動(dòng)車沒(méi)有交付,合同無(wú)效,那么買受人受到的損害就無(wú)法在法律上得到充分的救濟(jì)。最后,通過(guò)對(duì)比分析,筆者提出了對(duì)機(jī)動(dòng)車買受人保護(hù)的幾點(diǎn)建議:考慮次買受人的主觀狀態(tài),以競(jìng)價(jià)購(gòu)買及變價(jià)受償?shù)姆绞骄S護(hù)買受人的債權(quán)平等,賦予機(jī)動(dòng)車登記的效力優(yōu)先于交付,考慮合同履行順序時(shí)加入先行支付,限制出賣人的自由選擇權(quán)。
[Abstract]:The existence of the phenomenon of multiple buying and selling of motor vehicles has brought great harm to the interests of buyers, seriously infringed upon the legitimate rights and interests of buyers, endangered the order of the market economy, and is not conducive to the normal development of the market economy in our country.The existence of this problem has brought many practical problems to both theory and practice.The provisions of the current law of our country on the multiple sale of motor vehicles are mainly embodied in the property Law, the interpretation of the Supreme people's Court on the legal issues applicable to the handling of disputes in the contract of sale and purchase, and some separate laws and regulations.But the conflict between these laws and disputes cannot afford the buyer sufficient legal protection.For example, Article 10 of the Judicial interpretation of the contract of Sale and purchase clearly specifies the order in which the subject-matter is assigned.However, although the judicial interpretation is beneficial to the concrete application in practice, it does not provide the greatest degree of protection to the buyer, and some parts of it are inconsistent with the basic jurisprudence and the current law.Thus, in practice, buyers encounter obstacles in seeking legal protection.Therefore, I think it is necessary to study these legal issues so that the buyer can be better protected in the law.This paper expounds the current situation of the protection of buyers in the multi-purchase and sale of motor vehicles under the current law of our country, and analyzes emphatically the deficiency of the law in protecting the interests of the buyers, that is, the subjective state of the secondary buyers does not take unfair to the buyers first.The violation of the principle of creditor's rights damages the interests of other buyers; the priority of delivery makes the registered buyer unable to be adequately protected by law; the interests of the buyer who pays in advance are not taken into account;The seller intentionally circumventes the law and seriously damages the buyer's interest in the performance of the contract.Then, the author analyzes the current situation of buyer protection in the multiple buying and selling of motor vehicles in different countries and the enlightenment to our country, that is, different countries with different real right change mode have different degrees of protection to buyers.Countries with a creditor-to-idealist model generally do not buy and sell more.Due to the separation of the act of creditor's rights and the act of real right, the phenomenon of multiple transactions is easy to occur in countries of real right formalism.While the formalism of creditor's rights protects the convenience of transactions, maintains the safety of transactions, and balances the interests of all parties to a certain extent, if the motor vehicle is not delivered, the contract is invalid.The damage to the buyer cannot be adequately remedied by law.Finally, through comparative analysis, the author puts forward several suggestions for the protection of motor vehicle buyers: considering the subjective state of the secondary buyers, maintaining the equality of the buyer's creditor's rights in the way of competitive purchase and variable price compensation.The validity of vehicle registration is given priority over delivery, and the prior payment is added when considering the order of performance of the contract, and the free option of the seller is restricted.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D923.6;D923.2

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