本文選題：保證人追償權(quán)　切入點(diǎn)：預(yù)先行使　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：保證,是以人的信用為基礎(chǔ)來(lái)保證債權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)的一種擔(dān)保方式,它以保證合同這種附屬于主合同的從合同形式來(lái)保障債權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)不斷發(fā)展的過(guò)程中,保證制度起著重要的作用。但由于保證合同具有單務(wù)性和無(wú)償性的特點(diǎn),保證人負(fù)有較多的義務(wù),卻享有較少的權(quán)利。保證人為債務(wù)人的債務(wù)保證,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高、義務(wù)重、權(quán)益少,在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)中,經(jīng)常會(huì)有債務(wù)人信用不佳、逃避債務(wù)的情況發(fā)生,還有債務(wù)人自身經(jīng)營(yíng)狀況惡化也是商業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的,因而保證人權(quán)益得不到保障的事件就會(huì)頻繁發(fā)生,長(zhǎng)此以往,保證將會(huì)失去其應(yīng)有的作用。要保障保證人的權(quán)益,尤其應(yīng)考慮完善保證人對(duì)主債務(wù)人享有的權(quán)利,因?yàn)閭鶆?wù)人時(shí)最終承擔(dān)責(zé)任的人。在這里保證人對(duì)債務(wù)人的追償權(quán)是核心,而如何保障保證人的追償權(quán)則是重中之重,保證人追償權(quán)的預(yù)先行使便是其中對(duì)保證人權(quán)益強(qiáng)有力的保障的一項(xiàng)重要制度。本文將要探討的就是如何完善保證人追償權(quán)預(yù)先行使制度。本文包括以下六個(gè)部分：第一部分“保證人追償權(quán)的預(yù)先行使：概述”。本部分通過(guò)對(duì)保證人追償權(quán)的預(yù)先行使的基本內(nèi)涵與合理性,有關(guān)國(guó)家法律對(duì)保證人追償權(quán)的預(yù)先行使的態(tài)度以及該權(quán)利的性質(zhì)等方面做概述,通過(guò)域外與國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)該權(quán)利的態(tài)度對(duì)比和分析,論證研究完善該權(quán)利的價(jià)值。第二、三、四、五部分分別從“能夠?qū)е卤ＷC人追償權(quán)的預(yù)先行使的法定事由、保證人追償權(quán)的預(yù)先行使的范圍、保證人追償權(quán)的預(yù)先行使的時(shí)間、保證人追償權(quán)的預(yù)先行使的法律效果”這四個(gè)方面對(duì)保證人追償權(quán)的預(yù)先行使制度進(jìn)行闡述。這四部分主要對(duì)域外各國(guó)關(guān)于保證人追償權(quán)預(yù)先行使的立法進(jìn)行考察和梳理。同時(shí)結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)該權(quán)利的研究,綜合評(píng)價(jià)我國(guó)在保證人追償權(quán)預(yù)先行使立法上的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。得出在追償權(quán)的預(yù)先行使上,我國(guó)所規(guī)定的法定事由過(guò)于狹隘,行使范圍、行使時(shí)間不夠明確,沒(méi)有規(guī)定行使效果。這些規(guī)定的模糊與缺失容易造成保證人的追償權(quán)落空,使得我國(guó)保證人的權(quán)益難以得到有效的保障。第六部分“我國(guó)法律關(guān)于保證人追償權(quán)的預(yù)先行使規(guī)定的立法完善”。本部分通過(guò)分析學(xué)者在能夠?qū)е卤ＷC人追償權(quán)的預(yù)先行使的法定事由、保證人追償權(quán)的預(yù)先行使的范圍、保證人追償權(quán)的預(yù)先行使的時(shí)間、保證人追償權(quán)的預(yù)先行使的法律效果等方面提出的在立法上的完善,綜合各方觀點(diǎn)得出最終的完善意見(jiàn),以期為我國(guó)完善對(duì)保證人權(quán)益的保護(hù)提供有意義的參考。
[Abstract]:Guarantee is a way to guarantee the realization of creditor's rights on the basis of people's credit. It guarantees the realization of creditor's rights by the form of slave contract which is attached to the main contract.In the process of market economy developing, guarantee system plays an important role.However, the guarantor has more obligations and less rights because of the characteristics of the contract of guarantee being single and free.The guarantor is the debtor's debt guarantee, with high risk, heavy obligations, and low rights and interests. In market economic activities, there is often a situation in which the debtor's credit is not good and the debt is evaded.There is also the debtor's own business situation deterioration is often appeared in the business operation, so the guarantor's rights and interests can not be protected events will occur frequently, in the long run, the guarantee will lose its due role.In order to protect the rights and interests of the guarantor, it is necessary to consider the perfection of the guarantor's rights towards the principal debtor, since the person who is ultimately liable when the debtor is.Here the surety's right of recourse against the debtor is the core, and how to guarantee the guarantor's right of recourse is the most important one, and the prior exercise of the surety's right of recourse is an important system for the strong protection of the guarantor's rights and interests.This article will discuss how to perfect the system of the surety's right of recovery in advance.This paper includes the following six parts: the first part: the advance exercise of surety's right of recourse: an overview.This part summarizes the basic connotation and rationality of the prior exercise of the surety's right of recourse, the attitude of the national law to the prior exercise of the surety's right of recourse, and the nature of the right.Through the comparison and analysis of the attitudes towards this right in foreign countries and at home, this paper demonstrates the value of perfecting it.The second, third, fourth, and fifth parts are divided into three parts: "the legal reasons that can lead to the prior exercise of the guarantor's right of recourse, the scope of the prior exercise of the guarantor's right of recourse, and the time of the prior exercise of the guarantor's right of recourse."The legal effect of the prior exercise of the surety's right of recourse is expounded in four aspects: the system of the prior exercise of the surety's right of recourse.The four parts mainly investigate and sort out the legislation about the pre-exercise of surety's right of recourse in foreign countries.At the same time, combined with the domestic and foreign scholars' research on this right, the author comprehensively evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of our country's legislation on the prior exercise of the surety's right of recourse.It comes to the conclusion that the legal reason stipulated in our country is too narrow, the scope of exercise, the time of exercise is not clear enough, and there is no stipulation on the effect of exercise in the advance exercise of the right of recourse.The vagueness and absence of these regulations can easily lead to the loss of the surety's right of recourse, which makes it difficult to effectively protect the rights and interests of the guarantor in our country.The sixth part is about the legislative perfection of the prior exercise of surety's right of recourse in Chinese law.From the aspects of the legal effect of the prior exercise of surety's right of recourse and so on, the author puts forward the perfection of legislation, synthesizes the views of all sides to obtain the final perfect opinions, in order to provide a meaningful reference for our country to perfect the protection of the guarantor's rights and interests.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D923

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