本文關(guān)鍵詞： 無(wú)民事行為能力人 訴訟離婚 程序事項(xiàng) 實(shí)體事項(xiàng)　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：與完全民事行為能力人的訴訟離婚相比，無(wú)民事行為能力人的訴訟離婚具有特殊性。盡管最高人民法院《關(guān)于適用中華人民共和國(guó)婚姻法若干問(wèn)題的解釋（三）》（以下簡(jiǎn)稱《婚姻法司法解釋三》）第8條對(duì)無(wú)民事行為能力人的監(jiān)護(hù)人能否提出離婚，以及代為提出離婚訴訟與變更監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)訴訟的關(guān)系做了規(guī)定，但探討不能止于此。對(duì)該問(wèn)題進(jìn)行一個(gè)總體的梳理，以及對(duì)后續(xù)的實(shí)體判決進(jìn)行研究，仍有裨益。 正文共分為三個(gè)部分，從研究范圍的界定，到程序性事項(xiàng)和實(shí)體性事項(xiàng)。筆者試圖將離婚制度應(yīng)用到無(wú)民事行為能力人提起或參與的離婚訴訟中，但又并非事無(wú)巨細(xì)，而主要著重論述了不同于完全民事行為能力人訴訟離婚的事項(xiàng)。同時(shí)，筆者認(rèn)為無(wú)民事行為能力人訴訟離婚不僅包括程序性方面的問(wèn)題，也涉及實(shí)體方面的問(wèn)題，故對(duì)二者分而述之。 第一部分是對(duì)無(wú)民事行為能力人訴訟離婚的概述。包括論文的研究范圍、無(wú)民事行為能力人的范圍與認(rèn)定。主張應(yīng)適當(dāng)擴(kuò)張無(wú)民事行為能力人的范圍，將現(xiàn)行法未能涵蓋的植物人、腦癱患者等納入適用范圍。只要符合無(wú)民事行為能力人本質(zhì)特征的人，都可以適用該制度，使問(wèn)題得到了概括和抽象，具有更強(qiáng)的適應(yīng)性。 第二部分是對(duì)無(wú)民事行為能力人訴訟離婚的程序性事項(xiàng)進(jìn)行研究，主要涉及三個(gè)問(wèn)題，即無(wú)民事行為能力人的監(jiān)護(hù)人能否代為提起離婚訴訟、提起離婚訴訟與變更監(jiān)護(hù)訴訟的關(guān)系，以及法院在審理此類案件時(shí)的結(jié)案方式。重點(diǎn)論述了前兩個(gè)問(wèn)題。筆者贊同《婚姻法司法解釋三》關(guān)于無(wú)民事行為能力人的監(jiān)護(hù)人在一定條件下可以代為提起離婚訴訟的規(guī)定，但認(rèn)為先提起變更監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)的訴訟欠妥，不宜將其作為前置條件；法院可以通過(guò)調(diào)解和判決的形式結(jié)案，但需對(duì)調(diào)解內(nèi)容等予以實(shí)質(zhì)審查； 第三部分是關(guān)于無(wú)民事行為能力人訴訟離婚時(shí)實(shí)體性事項(xiàng)方面的研究。包括四個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題：法院判決無(wú)民事行為能力離婚的原則、財(cái)產(chǎn)分割的原則和債務(wù)處理原則、子女撫養(yǎng)權(quán)的確定與撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)的給付、經(jīng)濟(jì)幫助。一方成為無(wú)民事行為能力人的可以成為法院裁判離婚時(shí)的具體理由，但從我國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)情況和保護(hù)無(wú)民事行為能力人的合法權(quán)益出發(fā)，在判決離婚時(shí)應(yīng)采取相對(duì)離婚主義，即適當(dāng)適用苛刻條款；財(cái)產(chǎn)分割和債務(wù)處理都要秉持保護(hù)無(wú)民事行為能力人權(quán)益的原則；子女原則上應(yīng)判給完全民事行為能力人一方撫養(yǎng)，法院視具體情形判決無(wú)民事行為能力人一方不承擔(dān)或適當(dāng)承擔(dān)未成年子女的撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)，，例外情形下無(wú)民事行為能力人一方也可以獲得未成年子女的撫養(yǎng)權(quán)；最后建議通過(guò)對(duì)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)幫助制度的完善，對(duì)無(wú)民事行為能力人進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)幕楹缶葷?jì)。
[Abstract]:Compared with the divorce of a person with full civil capacity, The divorce of a person without civil capacity has its own particularity. Although Article 8 of the Supreme people's Court on the interpretation of certain issues concerning the Application of the Marriage Law of the people's Republic of China (III) > (hereinafter referred to as Judicial interpretation of the Marriage Law III). Whether the guardian of a person without civil capacity can file for divorce, The relationship between the divorce action and the change of guardianship action is stipulated, but the discussion cannot be stopped. It is still helpful to make a general combing of this problem and to study the subsequent substantive judgment. The text is divided into three parts, from the definition of the scope of the study to procedural matters and substantive matters. At the same time, the author thinks that the divorce of persons without civil capacity includes not only the procedural aspects, but also the substantive aspects. Therefore, the two are described separately. The first part is an overview of the divorce proceedings of persons without civil capacity. It includes the scope of research, the scope and determination of persons without civil capacity, and claims that the scope of persons without civil capacity should be expanded appropriately. The current law can not cover the vegetative person, the cerebral palsy patient and so on into the scope of application. As long as the person who meets the essential characteristics of the person with no civil capacity, can apply the system, so that the problem has been summarized and abstracted, and has stronger adaptability. The second part is to study the procedural matters of divorce proceedings of persons without civil capacity, mainly involving three issues, that is, whether the guardians of persons without civil capacity can file divorce proceedings on their behalf. The relationship between the filing of divorce proceedings and the change of guardianship proceedings, The author agrees with the "Judicial interpretation of Marriage Law III" that the guardian of a person with no capacity for civil conduct may file a divorce action on his behalf under certain conditions. However, it is considered that the lawsuit to change guardianship is not proper and should not be used as a precondition; the court can settle the case by mediation and judgment, but the content of mediation needs to be examined substantively. The third part is about the research on substantive matters in divorce proceedings of persons with no civil capacity. It includes four aspects: the principle of court judgment for divorce without civil capacity, the principle of property division and the principle of dealing with debts. The determination of child custody rights and the payment of alimony, economic assistance. A party who becomes a person with no capacity for civil action may become a specific reason for the court to adjudicate divorce, However, in view of the reality of our country and the protection of the legal rights and interests of the persons without civil capacity, the relative divorce doctrine should be adopted in the judgment of divorce, that is, the proper application of harsh clauses; Both the division of property and the handling of debts should uphold the principle of protecting the rights and interests of persons without civil capacity; in principle, children should be awarded to the party with full civil capacity to support them. According to the specific circumstances, the court decides that the party with no capacity for civil action does not undertake or properly bear the maintenance of minor children, and in exceptional circumstances, the party without civil capacity can also obtain custody of minor children; Finally, it is suggested that, through the perfection of the economic aid system in our country, proper post-marriage relief should be provided to the persons without civil capacity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D923.9

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