本文選題：電子廢棄物 + 可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論�。� 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的全面發(fā)展,人民的生活水平和生活質(zhì)量有了很大的提高,電子產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入了千家萬(wàn)戶,成為了生活必需品。它給人們帶來(lái)便捷生活的同時(shí),也悄然帶來(lái)了電子廢棄物這一新型污染物。我國(guó)每年都要淘汰大量的手機(jī)、電腦、家用電器等電子產(chǎn)品,從2003年起,我國(guó)進(jìn)入了電子產(chǎn)品報(bào)廢的高峰期,電子廢棄物的非正規(guī)回收處理給環(huán)境帶來(lái)了嚴(yán)重的污染。同時(shí),每年世界上80%的電子廢棄物被運(yùn)到亞洲,其中90%進(jìn)入了中國(guó),這讓我國(guó)的電子廢棄物回收處理體系面臨著嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn)。本文首先從我國(guó)電子廢棄物回收處理現(xiàn)狀出發(fā),尋找我國(guó)現(xiàn)有制度的缺陷,分析完善我國(guó)電子廢棄物回收處理法律制度的重大意義,再?gòu)目沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展理論、循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)理念和環(huán)境權(quán)的角度尋求對(duì)電子廢棄物回收處理法律制度的理論支持,同時(shí)通過(guò)對(duì)歐盟、日本、美國(guó)等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的相關(guān)法律制度和實(shí)踐的歸納梳理,提出完善我國(guó)電子廢棄物回收處理法律制度的對(duì)策,以期為我國(guó)電子廢棄物回收處理法律制度的發(fā)展做一些有益探索。 本文按照“提出問(wèn)題——分析問(wèn)題——解決問(wèn)題”的思路,運(yùn)用比較分析法對(duì)我國(guó)電子廢棄物回收處理法律制度進(jìn)行探討,分為四個(gè)部分: 第一部分,主要是對(duì)我國(guó)電子廢棄物回收處理法律制度的綜述。首先對(duì)電子廢棄物這一概念的內(nèi)涵和特征進(jìn)行了界定,明確了電子廢棄物的范圍;接著從立法現(xiàn)狀和社會(huì)現(xiàn)狀兩個(gè)方面重點(diǎn)介紹了我國(guó)電子廢棄物回收處理的情況,尤其是我國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)日益劇增的電子廢棄物和國(guó)外發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家向我國(guó)境內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)移的電子廢棄物成為我國(guó)電子廢棄物回收處理制度中令人頭痛的內(nèi)憂外患;通過(guò)分析我國(guó)電子廢棄物回收處理制度目前存在的缺陷,即法律制度的缺失和政府監(jiān)管的缺位,提出現(xiàn)階段在我國(guó)完善電子廢棄物回收處理法律制度的意義。 第二部分,重點(diǎn)分析了我國(guó)電子廢棄物回收處理法律制度的理論支持。第一是可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論。首先對(duì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論的基本內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行了界定,接著分析了可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論與我國(guó)電子廢棄物回收處理法律制度的關(guān)系。第二是循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)理論。同樣也是先介紹循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)理念的產(chǎn)生及其內(nèi)涵,再通過(guò)分析循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)有別于傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)之處指出循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)理念對(duì)我國(guó)電子廢棄物回收處理法律制度的指導(dǎo)意義。第三是環(huán)境權(quán)。先追溯環(huán)境權(quán)的發(fā)展歷程,再對(duì)環(huán)境權(quán)的內(nèi)涵做了必要的介紹,并論述了環(huán)境權(quán)理論對(duì)我國(guó)電子廢棄物回收處理法律制度的影響。 第三部分,專門(mén)介紹了歐盟、日本、美國(guó)等國(guó)家和地區(qū)對(duì)電子廢棄物回收處理的制度建設(shè)和實(shí)踐。首先是歐盟及德國(guó)的相關(guān)法律及實(shí)踐情況,相繼介紹了歐盟2003年公布的WEEE指令和ROHS指令的基本內(nèi)容和德國(guó)相關(guān)法律制度的基本情況,同時(shí)具體描述了德國(guó)的非盈利性組織EAR基金在德國(guó)電子廢棄物回收處理體系中的職能和發(fā)揮的作用。其次是日本的相關(guān)制度建設(shè)及實(shí)踐。首先介紹了日本發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)的原因和目前的循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)法規(guī),接著對(duì)日本從1990年開(kāi)始實(shí)施的有關(guān)電子廢棄物的法律法規(guī)簡(jiǎn)要進(jìn)行了描述,最后歸納了日本電子廢棄物回收處理法律制度對(duì)各相關(guān)主體責(zé)任義務(wù)的分擔(dān)情況。第三是對(duì)美國(guó)相關(guān)制度的介紹,并分析了美國(guó)和日本對(duì)于消費(fèi)者承擔(dān)回收處理成本這個(gè)制度實(shí)施上的區(qū)別。最后針對(duì)前述三個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)各自的重要制度進(jìn)行了評(píng)述,并進(jìn)一步闡述了這些制度對(duì)我國(guó)的借鑒意義。 第四部分是本文的重點(diǎn),詳細(xì)論述了我國(guó)電子廢棄物回收處理法律制度的完善對(duì)策。這個(gè)部分包括法律制度的構(gòu)建、政府職能的充分履行和非政府組織在相關(guān)污染防治中的功能三方面的內(nèi)容。 法律制度構(gòu)建這個(gè)部分分為四個(gè)方面。首先是明確延伸生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任制度:第一,從四個(gè)方面闡述了在我國(guó)確立延伸生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任制度的意義;第二,簡(jiǎn)單回顧一下延伸生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任制度的發(fā)展;第三,介紹延伸生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任制度的內(nèi)容;第四,提出在我國(guó)如何確立延伸生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任制度。接著是環(huán)境押金制度:第一,論述了在我國(guó)建立環(huán)境押金制度的必要性;第二,簡(jiǎn)要介紹了德國(guó)環(huán)境押金制度的相關(guān)規(guī)定;第三,通過(guò)與我國(guó)啤酒瓶回收押金制度的比較說(shuō)明環(huán)境押金的特殊作用;第四,如何構(gòu)建我國(guó)環(huán)境押金制度。再是開(kāi)征環(huán)境稅:第一,對(duì)環(huán)境稅的目的和功能做了簡(jiǎn)要介紹;第二,反思我國(guó)目前稅制對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)的不力,建議加快構(gòu)建環(huán)境稅體系;第三,詳細(xì)闡述了我國(guó)開(kāi)征環(huán)境稅的意義;第四,如何征收環(huán)境稅。最后是要求明確職能機(jī)構(gòu)及監(jiān)管職責(zé),避免出現(xiàn)多頭分管的局面。 政府職能的充分履行這個(gè)部分分為三個(gè)方面。第一,說(shuō)明政府如何行使電子廢棄物回收處理市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入職能;第二,提出政府如何對(duì)正規(guī)電子廢棄物處理企業(yè)予以扶持;第三,簡(jiǎn)述政府加大對(duì)公民環(huán)保意識(shí)的宣傳教育的必要性。 非政府組織在相關(guān)污染防治中的功能這個(gè)部分分為三個(gè)方面。第一,論述政府在環(huán)境保護(hù)中的局限性;第二,闡述非政府組織在環(huán)境保護(hù)中的優(yōu)越性;第三,重點(diǎn)論述了行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)在電子廢棄物回收處理法律制度中的兩個(gè)主要的功能。 結(jié)語(yǔ)部分對(duì)我國(guó)電子廢棄物回收處理法律制度中各相關(guān)責(zé)任主體的責(zé)任和義務(wù)做了簡(jiǎn)要?dú)w納和總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:With the overall development of our country's economy and society, the living standard and quality of life of the people have been greatly improved. Electronic products have entered thousands of households and become the necessities of life. It brings convenient life to people, while also quietly bringing electronic waste, a new type of pollutants. Brain, household electrical appliances and other electronic products, since 2003, China has entered the peak period of electronic products scrapping. The irregular recycling of electronic waste has brought serious pollution to the environment. At the same time, 80% of the world's electronic waste has been transported to Asia, of which 90% entered China, which makes China's electronic waste recycling treatment system. Facing the severe test, this paper begins with the current situation of China's electronic waste recycling, seeks the defects of the existing system in our country, analyzes the significance of improving the legal system of the recycling of electronic waste in our country, and then seeks the recovery of electronic waste from the theory of sustainable development, the concept of circular economy and the angle of the environment right. According to the theoretical support of the law system, and by summarizing the relevant legal systems and practices of the developed countries and regions such as the EU, Japan and the United States, the countermeasures are put forward to improve the legal system of the recovery and treatment of electronic waste in our country, in order to make some useful exploration for the development of the legal system of the recycling of electronic waste in China.
In accordance with the idea of "putting forward questions - analyzing problems - solving problems", this paper uses comparative analysis method to discuss the legal system of electronic waste recycling in China, which is divided into four parts.
The first part is a summary of the legal system of electronic waste recycling in China. First, it defines the connotation and characteristics of the concept of electronic waste, defines the scope of the electronic waste, and then introduces the situation of the recycling of electronic waste in China from the two aspects of the status of the legislation and the status of the society, especially the situation of the recycling of electronic waste in China. The increasing electronic waste in China and the electronic waste transferred from developed countries to our country have become a headaches in China's electronic waste recycling system. By analyzing the existing defects of the electronic waste recycling system in China, the lack of legal system and the absence of government supervision. It is necessary to improve the legal system of electronic waste recycling in China.
The second part analyzes the theoretical support of the legal system of the recycling of electronic waste in China. The first is the theory of sustainable development. First, it defines the basic connotation of the theory of sustainable development, and then analyzes the relationship between the theory of sustainable development and the legal system of the electronic waste recycling Department of our country. Second is the circular economy theory. It also introduces the emergence and connotation of the concept of circular economy, and then points out that the circular economy is different from the traditional economy points out the guiding significance of the circular economy concept to the legal system of the recycling of electronic waste in China. Third is the environmental right. The development process of environmental rights is traced first, and the connotation of environmental rights is necessary. This paper introduces and discusses the influence of environmental right theory on the legal system of WEEE recycling in China.
In the third part, the system construction and practice of EU, Japan, and the United States and other countries and regions are introduced. The relevant laws and practices of EU and Germany are first introduced, and the basic contents of the WEEE directive and ROHS directive published in the EU in 2003 and the basic situation of the relevant German legal systems are introduced. The functions and functions of the German non profit organization EAR fund in the German electronic waste recycling system are described in detail. Secondly, the construction and practice of the related systems in Japan are followed. The reasons for the development of the circular economy in Japan and the current circular economy regulations are first introduced, and then the relevant Japan began to be implemented in 1990. The laws and regulations of electronic waste are briefly described. Finally, the share of responsibility and duty of each related subject in the legal system of electronic waste recycling treatment is summed up. Third is the introduction of the relevant system in the United States and the difference between the United States and Japan on the system implementation of the cost of recovery and treatment of consumers. After that, the important systems of the three countries and regions were commented, and the significance of these systems to our country was further expounded.
The fourth part is the key point of this article. It expounds the perfect countermeasures of the legal system of the recycling of electronic waste in China. This part includes the construction of the legal system, the full performance of the government functions and the three aspects of the function of the non-governmental organization in the prevention and control of the related pollution.
The construction of the legal system is divided into four aspects. First, it is a clear extension of the producer responsibility system. First, the significance of establishing the extended producer responsibility system in China is expounded from four aspects. Second, the development of the extended producer responsibility system is briefly reviewed; third, the content of the extended producer responsibility system is introduced; fourth, How to establish the extended producer responsibility system in our country. Then it is the environmental deposit system: first, the necessity of establishing the environmental deposit system in China is discussed. Second, the relevant provisions of the German environmental deposit system are briefly introduced. Third, the special role of the environmental deposit is illustrated by the comparison with the recovery deposit system of the beer bottle in our country; Four, how to construct the environmental deposit system in our country. The first is to levy environmental tax. First, the purpose and function of environmental tax is briefly introduced. Second, to reflect on our country's current tax system on environmental protection, and to accelerate the construction of environmental tax system; third, elaborate the significance of the environmental tax levy in China; fourth, how to levy environmental tax. Finally, how to levy environmental tax. Finally It is required to clarify functions and regulatory responsibilities so as to avoid the situation of long management.
The full performance of the function of the government is divided into three aspects. First, it explains how the government exercises the market access function of the recycling of electronic waste, and second, puts forward how the government will support the regular electronic waste disposal enterprises; and third, briefly introduces the necessity of increasing the government's publicity and education on citizens' awareness of environmental protection.
The functions of non-governmental organizations in the prevention and control of pollution are divided into three aspects. First, the limitations of the government in environmental protection are discussed; second, the advantages of non-governmental organizations in environmental protection are expounded; and third, the two main functions of the industry association in the legal system of electronic waste recovery are discussed.
The conclusion part briefly summarizes and summarizes the responsibilities and obligations of the relevant responsible entities in the legal system of WEEE recycling in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：D922.68

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4 尚文 查實(shí);政校企共建國(guó)家級(jí)電子廢棄物生產(chǎn)線[N];中國(guó)有色金屬報(bào);2009年

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6 梁波　王景偉;電子廢棄物處置應(yīng)堅(jiān)持資源化方向[N];中國(guó)建設(shè)報(bào);2009年

7 點(diǎn)評(píng)人 樊哲高;電子廢棄物回收率不足10%[N];中國(guó)電子報(bào);2010年

8 實(shí)習(xí)記者 李荔;京城電子毒物待回收[N];北京科技報(bào);2010年

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