本文選題：醫(yī)療廢物 + 循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)�。� 參考：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),我國(guó)醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)得到了極大的發(fā)展。醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)在為國(guó)民健康服務(wù)的同時(shí)產(chǎn)生了大量的醫(yī)療廢棄物。醫(yī)療廢物具有高危險(xiǎn)性、處置專(zhuān)業(yè)性和難消除性,被《國(guó)家危險(xiǎn)廢物名錄》列為第一類(lèi)危險(xiǎn)物質(zhì)。2003年非典爆發(fā)以后,國(guó)務(wù)院緊急出臺(tái)了《醫(yī)療廢物管理?xiàng)l例》。隨后,衛(wèi)生部、省級(jí)政府也出臺(tái)了一系列法律法規(guī)對(duì)醫(yī)療廢物的回收與處置進(jìn)行規(guī)范。但是,我國(guó)醫(yī)療廢物回收與處置仍面臨很多問(wèn)題。 本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容主要包括以下四個(gè)部分: 第一部分,本文從界定醫(yī)療廢物的概念及特征入手,闡述了我國(guó)醫(yī)療廢物分類(lèi)的不足及借鑒德國(guó)先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)完善我國(guó)醫(yī)療廢物分類(lèi)方法。對(duì)我國(guó)醫(yī)療廢物回收處置的必要性和可行性以及回收處置現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析,歸納出我國(guó)存在醫(yī)療廢物流入生活垃圾現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重,醫(yī)療廢物收費(fèi)制度不合理等問(wèn)題。 第二部分,筆者對(duì)我國(guó)的醫(yī)療廢物回收與處置法律、法規(guī)進(jìn)行梳理,指出其不足之處,例如目前我國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)法律體系不完備、對(duì)醫(yī)療廢物回收處置中違法行為處罰過(guò)輕等。此外,筆者還就外國(guó)醫(yī)療廢物回收與處置的立法狀況及其先進(jìn)的法律制度進(jìn)行分析,并總結(jié)了其對(duì)我國(guó)的啟示和借鑒作用。 第三部分,筆者認(rèn)為我國(guó)應(yīng)以循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)為理念構(gòu)建我國(guó)的醫(yī)療廢物回收與處置法律制度。詳細(xì)闡述了循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)的基本原則,即資源化原則、減量化原則和無(wú)害化原則在醫(yī)療廢物回收與處置中的應(yīng)用。 第四部分,本文詳細(xì)分析了完善醫(yī)療廢物回收與處置的八項(xiàng)法律制度,指出我國(guó)應(yīng)當(dāng)建立醫(yī)療廢物處置收費(fèi)制度,建立公眾參與、加強(qiáng)從業(yè)人員培訓(xùn)的法律制度,全過(guò)程管理制度,生產(chǎn)者延伸負(fù)責(zé)法律制度,集中處置法律制度,建立環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激制度,醫(yī)療廢物強(qiáng)制回收制度以及建立嚴(yán)格的醫(yī)療廢物回收與處置法律責(zé)任制度。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's medical and health institutions have been greatly developed. Medical and health institutions produce a large amount of medical waste while serving national health. Medical waste is highly hazardous, professional and difficult to eliminate, so it is listed as the first class of hazardous substances by the National list of Hazardous wastes. After the outbreak of SARS in 2003, the State Council issued the "regulations on the Management of Medical wastes" urgently. Subsequently, the Ministry of Health and provincial governments also issued a series of laws and regulations to regulate the recovery and disposal of medical waste. However, China's medical waste recovery and disposal still face many problems. The research content of this paper mainly includes the following four parts: In the first part, starting with defining the concept and characteristics of medical waste, this paper expounds the deficiency of medical waste classification in China and consummates the classification method of medical waste in China by learning from Germany's advanced experience. The necessity and feasibility of medical waste recovery and disposal in China and the present situation of recovery and disposal are analyzed. The problems such as serious medical waste flowing into domestic garbage and unreasonable charging system of medical waste are concluded. In the second part, the author combs the laws and regulations of medical waste recovery and disposal in our country, and points out their shortcomings, such as the incomplete legal system of environmental protection in our country, the punishment of the illegal behavior in the recovery and disposal of medical waste is too light, and so on. In addition, the author also analyzes the legislative situation and advanced legal system of medical waste recovery and disposal in foreign countries, and summarizes its enlightenment and reference to our country. In the third part, the author thinks that our country should construct the legal system of medical waste recovery and disposal with the idea of circular economy. In this paper, the basic principles of recycling economy, that is, the principle of recycling, the principle of reduction and the principle of innocuity in the recovery and disposal of medical waste are expounded in detail. In the fourth part, this paper analyzes in detail the eight legal systems for the recovery and disposal of medical waste, and points out that China should establish a charging system for medical waste disposal, establish public participation, and strengthen the legal system for training practitioners. The whole process management system, the producer extension is responsible for the legal system, the centralized disposal legal system, the establishment environment economic stimulation system, the medical waste compulsory recovery system and the strict medical waste recovery and disposal legal liability system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.68;X799.5

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 佟巖;論我國(guó)醫(yī)療廢物處置的法律制度構(gòu)建[D];蘭州大學(xué);2011年

2 郭娟;我國(guó)城市醫(yī)療廢物管理法律制度研究[D];西南大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號(hào)：1876012