本文選題：環(huán)境行政執(zhí)法 + 執(zhí)行力��； 參考：《中國(guó)政法大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)法律體系已基本建立,現(xiàn)已有各類環(huán)境保護(hù)法律21部,法規(guī)37部,部門法規(guī)62部,另有地方性法規(guī)、環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)幾百部,涉及刑法、民法、行政法等領(lǐng)域。這看似完備的環(huán)境法律體系卻存在一大硬傷——行政執(zhí)行難,嚴(yán)重影響了我國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)執(zhí)法工作效率,損害了政府公信力和環(huán)境保護(hù)執(zhí)法的權(quán)威性。 我國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)行政執(zhí)行難的根本原因在于環(huán)境執(zhí)法中行政執(zhí)行力不強(qiáng)。導(dǎo)致執(zhí)行力不強(qiáng)的原因主要有2個(gè):(1)政府環(huán)境責(zé)任缺失,表現(xiàn)為地方保護(hù)主義存在。地方環(huán)保部門受地方政府影響嚴(yán)重,政府對(duì)污染企業(yè)的態(tài)度決定了環(huán)保部門對(duì)環(huán)境污染企業(yè)的處理力度。而地方政府往往有意無(wú)意的為企業(yè)營(yíng)造寬松的經(jīng)營(yíng)環(huán)境,極力避免對(duì)其嚴(yán)厲處罰。因此,嚴(yán)重影響環(huán)境行政執(zhí)法效果。(2)環(huán)保法律法規(guī)存在不足。一是環(huán)境行政執(zhí)法手段少、威懾力弱——一般僅能采用罰款。無(wú)論是與巴西等國(guó)家的環(huán)境執(zhí)法手段相比,還是與國(guó)內(nèi)文化、衛(wèi)生、工商、消防等其他部門的執(zhí)法手段相比,我國(guó)環(huán)境行政執(zhí)法的處理手段都顯得特別軟弱。二是環(huán)境行政執(zhí)法需要的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)——基本的投訴處理時(shí)間往往需要半個(gè)月以上。三是取證難、舉證難——行政相對(duì)人變相不配合執(zhí)法,環(huán)境行政執(zhí)法機(jī)關(guān)卻無(wú)能為力。四是非訴強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行存在困難——時(shí)間久、難執(zhí)行等。 要解決環(huán)境行政執(zhí)法中執(zhí)行力不強(qiáng)的問(wèn)題,必須從立法上著手。一是從立法上強(qiáng)化政府及其負(fù)責(zé)人的環(huán)保責(zé)任。如在法律中增強(qiáng)、規(guī)范中央政府和地方政府的環(huán)境責(zé)任;完善政府績(jī)效考評(píng)制度和官員升遷機(jī)制;建立以環(huán)境公益訴訟為主的公眾監(jiān)督制度等。二是完善環(huán)境法律法規(guī)。在行政法方面,增設(shè)“按日計(jì)罰”的處罰手段,增加查封等環(huán)境強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行手段,將停產(chǎn)、停業(yè)等環(huán)境行政處罰手段的決定權(quán)交給環(huán)保部門。在環(huán)境刑法方面,擴(kuò)大環(huán)境刑法范圍,增設(shè)“抗拒環(huán)境監(jiān)管罪”,增加環(huán)境法的威懾力。
[Abstract]:The legal system of environmental protection in China has been basically established. There are now 21 laws, 37 laws and regulations, 62 departmental laws and regulations, several hundred local laws and regulations, and hundreds of environmental quality standards, involving criminal law, civil law, administrative law and other fields.However, this seemingly complete environmental legal system is hard to execute, which seriously affects the efficiency of environmental protection law enforcement in China, and damages the credibility of the government and the authority of environmental protection law enforcement.The fundamental reason for the difficulty of administrative execution of environmental protection in our country lies in the weak executive power in environmental law enforcement.The main reasons for the lack of executive power are 2: 1) the absence of environmental responsibility of the government, which is manifested by the existence of local protectionism.The local environmental protection department is seriously influenced by the local government, and the attitude of the government towards the polluting enterprise determines the environmental protection department's handling of the environmental pollution enterprise.The local government often intentionally or unintentionally create a loose business environment, and try to avoid severe penalties.Therefore, seriously affect the environmental administrative law enforcement effect. 2) the environmental protection laws and regulations are insufficient.First, environmental administrative law enforcement means less, deterrence is weak-generally can only use fines.Compared with the environmental law enforcement measures of Brazil and other countries, and with the domestic culture, health, industry and commerce, fire enforcement and other departments, the handling means of environmental administrative law enforcement in China are particularly weak.Second, environmental administrative law enforcement needs a long time-basic complaints processing time often takes more than half a month.Third, it is difficult to obtain evidence and prove that the administrative counterpart does not cooperate with law enforcement in disguise, but the environmental administrative law enforcement agency is powerless.Fourth, there are difficulties in enforcement of non-litigation-long time, difficult to enforce and so on.In order to solve the problem of weak executive power in environmental administrative law enforcement, we must start from legislation.First, strengthen the environmental protection responsibility of the government and its responsible person in legislation.Such as strengthening in the law, standardizing the environmental responsibility of the central government and local government, perfecting the government performance evaluation system and the promotion mechanism of officials, establishing the public supervision system with the environmental public interest litigation as the main body, and so on.Second, improve environmental laws and regulations.In the aspect of administrative law, we should add the punishment means of "daily punishment", increase the means of environmental enforcement such as sealing up, and hand over to the environmental protection department the decision of environmental administrative punishment means such as shutdown and shutdown.In the aspect of environmental criminal law, the scope of environmental criminal law should be expanded, the crime of resisting environmental supervision should be added, and the deterrent force of environmental law should be increased.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D922.68;D925

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 柳珉;應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化行政法律機(jī)制研究[D];中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：1737362