本文選題：環(huán)境侵權(quán)　切入點(diǎn)：環(huán)境社會(huì)保障　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,環(huán)境侵權(quán)案件日趨增加。環(huán)境侵權(quán)是一種對(duì)社會(huì)性權(quán)益的嚴(yán)重侵害,故對(duì)大規(guī)模受害人的救濟(jì)問題也不再是個(gè)人問題,而顯現(xiàn)出社會(huì)化的傾向。由于新的侵權(quán)形式的產(chǎn)生,侵權(quán)的救濟(jì)方式也會(huì)發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化。環(huán)境侵權(quán)的救濟(jì)制度研究,就是研究環(huán)境侵權(quán)這一新的侵權(quán)形式出現(xiàn)后的情況,伴隨著侵權(quán)案件數(shù)量增加、賠償數(shù)額巨大、履行賠償義務(wù)又易導(dǎo)致侵權(quán)人破產(chǎn)的現(xiàn)象,而環(huán)境侵權(quán)的存在又有其社會(huì)合法性;或者是在賠償主題不明確的情況下,關(guān)注社會(huì)救濟(jì)制度的擴(kuò)張,由社會(huì)承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任,以保證受害人的合法權(quán)益。日本、德國等國家已經(jīng)在環(huán)境侵權(quán)社會(huì)救濟(jì)方面邁出具有實(shí)踐意義的步伐,對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和公民私權(quán)利的保護(hù)產(chǎn)生了積極作用。然而,我國對(duì)環(huán)境侵權(quán)的救濟(jì)及損害賠償制度卻存在著諸多的不完善。一個(gè)合理的環(huán)境侵權(quán)損害賠償制度應(yīng)能夠兼顧受害人及侵權(quán)者雙方的利益,一方面應(yīng)該使受害者得到及時(shí)合理的賠償,另一方面又要使侵權(quán)者對(duì)其侵權(quán)行為承擔(dān)合理的責(zé)任。故筆者在借鑒國外經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,來研究環(huán)境侵權(quán)的社會(huì)化救濟(jì)制度。 本文首先闡述了環(huán)境侵權(quán)社會(huì)救濟(jì)制度的概述。該部分在分析環(huán)境權(quán)、環(huán)境侵權(quán)概念及特征的基礎(chǔ)上,引出環(huán)境侵權(quán)的救濟(jì)。在分析環(huán)境侵權(quán)社會(huì)救濟(jì)產(chǎn)生原因的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)而界定環(huán)境侵權(quán)社會(huì)救濟(jì)制度的概念。即將環(huán)境侵權(quán)產(chǎn)生的損害視為社會(huì)損害通過相應(yīng)制度的設(shè)立由有產(chǎn)生環(huán)境侵權(quán)之虞的企業(yè)和國家在一定條件下承擔(dān)應(yīng)由加害人負(fù)擔(dān)的損失從而給予受害人及時(shí)有效救濟(jì)的制度。 然后文章著重闡述了環(huán)境侵權(quán)的社會(huì)保障制度。該部分在分析環(huán)境侵權(quán)社會(huì)保障制度概念和性質(zhì)的基礎(chǔ)上,提出構(gòu)建環(huán)境社會(huì)保障制度的原則。本部分比較了日本、法國、加拿大以及新西蘭在環(huán)境侵權(quán)社會(huì)保障制度上的實(shí)踐,從而在我國環(huán)境法領(lǐng)域構(gòu)建環(huán)境侵權(quán)的社會(huì)保障制度。該制度的構(gòu)建主要從以下方面著手:環(huán)境社會(huì)保障制度模式的選擇、該制度的構(gòu)成要件、保障基金的來源、該制度救濟(jì)的范圍和內(nèi)容,并比較分析了疾病醫(yī)療、失業(yè)等社會(huì)保障與環(huán)境社會(huì)保障的區(qū)別聯(lián)系,從而闡述了環(huán)境社會(huì)保障制度的功能。 最后闡述了環(huán)境侵權(quán)社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)制度。該部分在分析環(huán)境侵權(quán)社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)制度的來源的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了環(huán)境侵權(quán)社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)制度的概念及特點(diǎn)。在分析該制度主要構(gòu)建模式的基礎(chǔ)上,比較分析了美國、法國、德國和英國的環(huán)境社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)制度。最后闡述了我國環(huán)境社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)制度在海洋領(lǐng)域的實(shí)踐與發(fā)展,并提出該制度存在的問題及其完善。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy, environmental tort cases increase. The environmental tort is a serious violation of social rights and interests, so the large-scale relief problem is no longer a personal problem, but a social. As a result of new infringement forms, tort remedies will be corresponding change. The study of environmental tort relief system of environmental tort, is the emergence of this new form of infringement after, with the increase in the number of infringement cases, the huge amount of compensation, perform the obligation of compensation and easily lead to infringement phenomenon of bankruptcy, and the existence of environmental tort and its social legitimacy; or in the compensation subject under the condition of not clear, pay attention to the expansion of the social relief system, the social liability, in order to ensure the legitimate rights and interests of victims. Japan, Germany and other countries have been in the social environment right infringement relief Take practical steps to protect the economic development and the private rights of citizens had a positive effect. However, China's environmental tort relief and compensation system is far from perfect. A rational system of compensation for damage of environmental tort should be two sides to both the victim and the infringer's interests on the one hand, should make the victims receive timely and reasonable compensation, on the other hand, the infringer bear reasonable responsibility for the infringement. So the author on the basis of foreign experience, to study the environmental tort social relief system.
This paper first describes the overview of environmental tort social relief system. The analysis of environmental rights, basic concepts and characteristics of environmental tort, points out the relief of environmental tort. In the analysis of environmental tort social relief cause on the basis of the concept and definition of environmental tort social relief system of environmental tort. The damage caused by the apparent for the social damage through the establishment of the corresponding system has produced by Yu environmental rights infringement enterprises and countries bear by the perpetrators burden under certain conditions to give timely and effective relief to victims of the loss of the system.
Then the article focuses on the environmental tort social security system. This part analyzes the environmental tort concept and nature of the social security system, proposes the construction environment of the social security system. This part compares Japan, France, in the social security system of environmental tort practice of Canada and New Zealand, in order to build the social environment tort security system of environmental law in China. Construction of the system mainly from the following aspects: the mode of social security system, the elements of the system, to protect the sources of funds, the scope and content of the relief system, and analyzes the relationship between medical disease, unemployment, social security and social security environment thus, elaborated the environmental function of the social security system.
Finally elaborated the environmental tort social insurance system. The basic part in the analysis of environmental tort social insurance system, put forward the concept and characteristics of environmental tort social insurance system. Based on the analysis of the system construction model, comparative analysis of the United States, France, Germany and the UK Environment of social insurance system. Finally, expounds the practice and development of the social insurance system of our country in the field of marine environment, and puts forward the problems of the system and its perfection.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：D922.68

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