本文選題：農(nóng)村房屋　切入點：贈與合同　出處：《大連海事大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：在近期基層法庭的民事審判實踐中,我逐漸發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣一個問題：就是近幾年來基層法庭接收的案件中出現(xiàn)了許多關(guān)于農(nóng)村房屋贈予合同效力方面爭議的案件。主要表現(xiàn)為：如果房屋未辦理過戶手續(xù),房屋贈予合同效力如何界定；如果房屋已辦理過戶手續(xù)后發(fā)現(xiàn)房屋贈予合同存在不成立的因素則該房屋贈予合同效力如何界定。這促使筆者對農(nóng)村房屋贈予合同效力問題產(chǎn)生了新的思考和認(rèn)識。 贈與合同實質(zhì)上是一種典型的無償合同,也可以說是贈與人無償?shù)貙⒆约旱呢敭a(chǎn)給予了受贈人,而受贈人明確地表示接受贈與的合同。在此過程中,贈與人承擔(dān)了交付贈與物的義務(wù),而受贈人除了享有接受贈與物的權(quán)利外卻勿需承擔(dān)任何義務(wù),因此為了平衡贈與人與受贈人之間的權(quán)益,我國合同法為贈與人賦予了任意撤銷權(quán),目的是為了彌補贈與合同單務(wù)性的缺陷。但是在司法實踐過程中,我們逐漸發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣一個問題：任意撤銷權(quán)制度也為贈與人任意損害受贈人的信賴?yán)媛裣铝藷o窮隱患。贈與合同的締結(jié)一般都是以一定的感情和道德為基礎(chǔ)的,其在一定程度上也起到了重新分配財產(chǎn)和緩合社會氛圍,減少社會矛盾的作用。它雖不是當(dāng)今社會財產(chǎn)所有權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移的主要形式,但是它的存在也具有一定的積極意義。所以,我們要有的放矢地克服贈與合同任意撤銷權(quán)制度的不足,對贈與合同信賴?yán)姹Ｗo(hù)方面的立法進(jìn)行完善,從而尋求有限資源與無限利益追求之間完美結(jié)合。 在基層法庭審判實務(wù)中,因農(nóng)村房屋贈與行為引發(fā)的糾紛多種多樣,如確認(rèn)房屋贈與合同效力糾紛、撤銷房屋贈與合同糾紛等等。農(nóng)村房屋贈與糾紛大多因贈與人與受贈人的主體身份的特殊而具有不同于其他類型贈與的特性。所以處理類似糾紛時,要求法官不僅僅考察其法律和法理,還需探究其中的情理,如民間風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。針對農(nóng)村房屋贈與合同的特殊性,當(dāng)事人在約定贈與農(nóng)村房屋時,被贈與人一定要及時辦理產(chǎn)權(quán)過戶手續(xù),以防經(jīng)過一段時間后當(dāng)事人反悔而致自身依賴?yán)媸軗p。同時,我們基層法官在審判實踐中要努力探究農(nóng)村房屋贈與合同效力糾紛的真實根源,避免造成社會財富的損失和浪費,不斷提高司法效率,實現(xiàn)司法公正。
[Abstract]:In the recent civil trial practice of the basic court, I have gradually found a problem: in the cases accepted by the basic court in recent years, there have been many controversial cases concerning the validity of the contract for the grant of rural houses.The main performance is: if the house does not go through the transfer formalities, how to define the validity of the house grant contract; if the house has gone through the transfer formalities, found that the housing grant contract does not exist factors, then how to define the effectiveness of the housing grant contract.This causes the author to the rural house grant contract validity question to produce the new thought and the understanding.The gift contract is in essence a typical kind of free contract. It can also be said that the donator gives his property to the recipient without charge, and the recipient clearly expresses the contract of accepting the gift.In the process, the donor assumes the obligation to deliver the gift, and the recipient has no obligation other than the right to receive the gift. Therefore, in order to balance the interests between the donor and the recipient,The contract law of our country endows the donator with the right to rescind freely, in order to make up for the defect of the contract of gift.However, in the course of judicial practice, we gradually find a problem: the system of the right of arbitrary rescission also buries an infinite hidden danger for the donator to arbitrarily damage the trust interests of the grantee.The conclusion of gift contract is generally based on certain feelings and morals, and to a certain extent, it also plays the role of redistributing property and slowing down social atmosphere and reducing social contradictions.Although it is not the main form of property ownership transfer, its existence also has certain positive significance.Therefore, we should aim to overcome the deficiencies of the system of the arbitrary revocation of the gift contract, perfect the legislation on the protection of trust interests of the gift contract, and seek a perfect combination between the limited resources and the pursuit of unlimited interests.In the trial practice of grass-roots courts, there are many kinds of disputes caused by the act of giving houses in rural areas, such as disputes about the validity of the contract for confirming the grant of houses, disputes about cancelling the contract of the grant of houses, and so on.The dispute of house donation in rural areas is different from other kinds of gifts because of the special identity of the donor and recipient.Therefore, when dealing with similar disputes, judges are required not only to examine their laws and legal principles, but also to explore their reasons, such as folk customs and habits.In view of the particularity of the contract of rural house donation, when the party agrees to grant the rural house, the donatee must deal with the formalities of transfer of property right in time, in case after a period of time, the party reneges on his or her own dependent interests.At the same time, in our trial practice, the judges at the grass-roots level should try their best to explore the real root of the disputes over the validity of the contract for the grant of houses in rural areas, to avoid the loss and waste of social wealth, to continuously improve the judicial efficiency and to realize judicial justice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D923.6

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