海洋生物多樣性不僅對維持全球數(shù)百萬人的生計(jì)至關(guān)重要,而且對全球追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展也至關(guān)重要的。過去幾十年國際社會創(chuàng)作大量的國際條約,政策與行動計(jì)劃,是為了減緩生物多樣性的迅速喪失。東南亞是世界上物種多樣性最豐富的地區(qū)之一,然而,東南亞受到許多人為因素的威脅,過度捕撈是最重要的原因之一。本文研究了三種不同的治理框架:硬法框架,軟法框架與實(shí)現(xiàn)框架。硬法框架包括國際條約,軟法框架包括沒有約束力的國際政策文件與行動計(jì)劃,實(shí)現(xiàn)框架包括國際法[硬法]的承諾以及從軟法框架里采取的生物多樣性保護(hù)理念——它們共同創(chuàng)造并啟用被國立與非政府組織實(shí)現(xiàn)的保護(hù)措施如海洋保護(hù)區(qū)。這三個框架在海洋生物多樣性保護(hù)目標(biāo)上是不可分割的,相互支持的,但是現(xiàn)代的研究大多數(shù)只考察各框架分別的影響。本文全方面探討了三個框架作為一個相互關(guān)聯(lián)系統(tǒng),并展示了非國家參與者在東南亞地區(qū)應(yīng)用全球環(huán)境法律和政策的重要作用。
【學(xué)位單位】：廈門大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位年份】：2018
【中圖分類】：D996.9
【文章目錄】：
List of abbreviations
摘要
Abstract
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Terminological and methodological basis
    2.1 Terminology
    2.2 Methodology and premises
        2.2.1 Methodology
        2.2.2 Premises
    2.3 Literature review
Chapter 3 Evolution of international (legal) thought
    3.1 The Disaster era
    3.2 The Stockholm era
    3.3 The Rio era
    3.4 Conclusion
Chapter 4 International instruments
    4.1 Hard law as a global instrument
        4.1.1 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
        4.1.2 Convention on Biological Diversity
            4.1.2.1 Nagoya Protocol
            4.1.2.2 Aichi Biodiversity Targets
        4.1.3 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Faunaand Flora
        4.1.4 Agreement on Port State Measures to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal,Unreported and Unregulated Fishing
        4.1.5 Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and NaturalHeritage
        4.1.6 High seas and biodiversity protection
        4.1.7 FAO Code on responsible fisheries
    4.2 Soft law as a global instrument
        4.2.1 The UN Charter
        4.2.2 International human rights documents
            4.2.2.1 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and International Covenanton Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
            4.2.2.2 The right to development
        4.2.3. Stockholm Declaration
        4.2.4 Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and Agenda 21
        4.2.5 World Summit on Sustainable Development
        4.2.6 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development
    4.3 Regional instruments
        4.3.1 ASEAN Charter and the ASEAN Declaration of Human Rights
        4.3.2 ASEAN Declaration on Heritage Parks
        4.3.3 Regional IUU fishing initiatives
        4.3.4 Other ASEAN documents
    4.4 Non-state players as instruments for biodiversity protection
        4.4.1 ASEAN Center for Biodiversity
        4.4.2 UNESCO
        4.4.3 International Union for Conservation of Natural Resources
        4.4.4 Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries, and Food Security
        4.4.5 World Wide Fund for Nature
Chapter 5 Case study-Marine Protected Areas in SE Asia
    5.1 Internationally recognized marine protected areas
    5.2 Issues concerning marine protected areas in SE Asia
    5.3 Tubbataha Reef National Park
    5.4 Recommendations
Chapter 6 Framework analysis of selected international instruments
    6.1 Hard law framework analysis
    6.2 Soft law framework analysis
    6.3 Implementation framework analysis
    6.4 Conclusion for analysis
Chapter 7 Conclusion
    7.1 Final conclusion for the hard law framework
    7.2 Final conclusion for the soft law framework
    7.3 Final conclusion for the implementation framework
    7.4 Initial premises vs. framework analysis results
    7.5 Problems and recommendations
    7.6 Further research
References
Acknowledgements


本文編號：2836676